合同词汇大全

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合同词汇大全
商务合同专业性强,措辞严谨,并且有一套固定的词汇。

下面就让我们一起来看一看。

a long-term contract 长期合同
a short-term contract 短期合同
a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同
a written contract 书面合同
an executor contract 尚待执行的合同
breach of contract 违反合同
cancellation of contract 撤消合同
completion of contract 完成合同
contract for future delivery 期货合同
contract for goods 订货合同
contract for purchase 采购合同
contract for service 劳务合同
contract law 合同法
contract life 合同有效期
contract note 买卖合同(证书)
contract of arbitration 仲裁合同
contract of carriage 运输合同
contract of employment 雇佣合同
contract of engagement 雇佣合同
contract of insurance 保险合同
contract of sale 销售合同
contract parties 合同当事人
contract period (or contract term) 合同期限
contract price 合约价格
contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定
contract sales 订约销售
contract terms (or contract clause) 合同条款
contract wages 合同工资
contract 合同,订立合同
contractor 订约人,承包人
contractual claim 根据合同的债权
contractual damage 合同引起的损害
contractual dispute 合同上的争议
contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保
contractual income 合同收入
contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务
contractual practice/usage 合同惯例
contractual specifications 合同规定
contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件
contractual 合同的,契约的
contractual-joint-venture 合作经营,契约式联合经营
copies of the contract 合同副本
execution of contract 履行合同
expiration of contract 合同期满
interpretation of contract 解释合同
originals of the contract 合同正本
performance of contract 履行合同
renewal of contract 合同的续订
to abide by the contract 遵守合同
to alter the contract 修改合同
to approve the contract 审批合同
to be laid down in the contract 在合同中列明
to be legally binding 受法律约束
to be stipulated in the contract 在合同中予以规定
to break the contract 毁约
to bring a contract into effect 使合同生效
to cancel the contract 撤消合同
to carry out a contract 执行合同
to cease to be in effect/force 失效
to come into effect 生效
to countersign a contract 会签合同
to draft a contract 起草合同
to draw up a contract 拟订合同
to enter into a contract 订合同
to execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 执行合同
to get a contract 得到合同
to go (enter)into force 生效
to honor the contract 重合同
to land a contract 得到(拥有)合同
to make a contract 签订合同
to make some concession 做某些让步
to place a contract 订合同
to repeat a contract 重复合同
to secure one's agreement 征得……的同意
to ship a contract 装运合同的货物
to sign a contract 签合同
to stand by 遵守
to tear up the contract 撕毁合同
to terminate the contract 解除合同
英文合同的词汇特征
摘要:英文合同的词汇具有准确、严谨、正式、庄重、保守及规范等特点,具体体现在情态动词、古体词、外来词、同义词、成对词、书面语词汇以及具有特定含义的常用词的使用。

了解和掌握英文合同的词汇特点是正确理解英文合同、书写英文合同乃至翻译英文合同的前提之一。

关键词:英文合同词汇特点
引言
随着世界经济一体化进程的不断推进,中国融入国际社会步伐的加快,对外交往日益密切,与国外经济、技术、文化交流日趋频繁,英语合同的应用越发广泛。

人们订立合同的目的是确认合同各方应尽的义务及应享受的权利,合同一经依法订立,就成为一种具有约束力的法律文件,成为预防和解决争议的法律依据。

要做到正确地理解和书写英文合同,首先必须了解它的用词特点。

合同语言属于法律语言,英文合同在语言上力求用词严谨,表述准确,尽量避免可能出现的对合同内容或条款的误解或曲解,确保合同的严谨性、准确性和权威性。

因此,英语合同的用词具有准确、严谨、正式、
庄重和保守等特征,具体体现在以下几个方面:
1.使用情态动词
英文合同的用词一般都是正式、规范的语言,情态动词的使用就体现了这一特点。

英文合同中常见的情态动词主要有以下两个,即,shall和should。

但它们在合同中分别表示不同的含义。

shall是英文合同中使用频率最高的一个词,也是语气最重的一个词,常用于第三人称。

shall常用来表示法律上必须履行的责任和应尽的义务,如不履行合同条款就会产生违反法律责任和义务的后果,其含义相当于中文的“应当”或“必须”。

例如:1.The Seller shall present the following documents required for negotiation to the banks(卖方必须将下列单据提交银行附议).shall 的否定形式shall not在英文合同中常表示不得发生的行为。

例如:2. Party A shall not supply the contracted commodity to other buyers in the above-mentioned territory(甲方不得向上述地区其他买主供应本合同项下商品)。

但必须注意的是,在英文合同中,shall在表示“应该”时不可随便用should代替,should虽然也表示“应该”,但它没有shall那样重的含义,因为should并不表示法律义务,只表示一般的义务或道义上的义务,有时甚至表示“原该”或“最好如此”的含义。

当should出现在合同中时,它常放在句子的开头,表示一个隐含的条件状语,相当于由if、in case 或in the event that 引导的状语从句,其含义相当于中文的“如果”、“万一”而不是“应该”。

例如:3. Should the verification conclusion contradict the conditions of an auction target stated in an auction contract, the auctioneer has the right to demand a change or rescind the contract (如果鉴定结论与委托拍卖合同载明的拍卖标的状况不相符,拍卖人有权要求变更或者解除合同)。

此外,英文合同中有时也出现情态动词may和must。

may 用于约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),没有任何义务的含义,不带有强制性,有时表示允许或许可,相当于中文的“可以”、“得”等含义。

其否定形式may not用于禁止性义务(不得做什么),语气不如shall not强烈。

must用于强制性义务(必须做什么),但这一义务不一定具有法律的约束力,其否定形式一般不会出现在英文合同中。

了解和掌握情态动词的确切含义有助于正确理解英文合同条款的内容。

由于合同中权利和义务的约定构成了合同的主
体,情态动词如选用不当,有可能会引起法律纠纷。

2.使用古体词和外来词
为体现合同文本行为正式、庄重的文体特征,英文合同常使用一些古体词。

这些词主要来源于古英语和中古英语,主要是由here-,there-和where- 与一个或几个介词组成的复合副词,如hereafter(此后,今后), hereby(特此,兹), herein(此中,于此,本合同中),hereinafter(以下,此后,在下文), hereof(于此,在本合同中), hereto (于此),hereunder(在下文,据此,根据本合同),hereunto (于此), herewith(与此一道),thereafter(此后,后来)thereby (因此,由此,在那方面), therefrom (由此、从此),therein(其中,在其中),thereinafter(在下文),thereof(关于、由此,其中),thereto(此外,附随),thereunder(在其下,据此、依据), whereas(鉴于),whereby(因此,由是,据此),wherefore(为此,因此),wherein(在那方面),whereof(关于那事/人)等。

在这些复合副词中,here表示this,there表示that,where表示what或which。

英文合同中使用这些词能使语言精练、直观,使合同语言显得更为规范、严肃,显示合同语言的权威性和严密性。

例如:4.The parties hereto shall,
first of all, settle any dispute arising from
or in connection with the contract through amicable negotiations(合同双方首先应通过友好协商,解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议)。

此句中的hereto表示上文已提及的内容,即,to this contract。

这类词的使用使句子简练、严密,构成合同语言的保守性和稳定性,体现合同文本正式、庄重的文体特征。

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此外,合同文本用词正式、保守还体现在外来词的使用上。

合同中的外来词大多数来自拉丁语,也有部分来自法语。

如addiem(在指定日期),status quo(现状),null and void无效, vice versa 反之亦然,adhoc特别,临时,as per(按照)、de facto(事实上的)等来源于拉丁语,force majuere (不可抗力)等来源于法语。

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3.使用近义词和成对词
英语合同的规范性还表现在近义词、成对词的使用。

合同语言用词造句必须十分准确、严谨。

同时,为了追求语意确切、论证周详,合同中常出现近义词、成对词并列使用的现象,这种表达的目的是使合同条款更加严密,表述更加准确,尽最大可能地避免歧义和疏漏,有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。

同义词或近义词的并列结构是由or或and 连接。

其作用通常会使包括的内容更全面,也更具弹性。

这些词涉及介词、动词、名词和形容词等词类,例如:by and between(由),for and in consideration of(考虑到,鉴于),for and on behalf of(为了,代表),save and except(除了),in full force and effect(生效),furnish and provide(提供),make and enter into (达成),release
and discharge(弃权,让渡),fulfill or perform(履行),procure and ensure(保证和确保),force and effect(效力),right and interest(权益),power and authority(权利),covenants and agreements (契约),terms and conditions(条款),goods and chattels(个人动产,有形动产),customs fees and duties(关税),losses and damages(丢失及损毁),complaints and claims(投诉及索赔),null and void(失效,无效),sole and exclusive(唯一且排他的),final and conclusive(最终及具决定性的),transferable or assignable(可转让的)等。

这些词表示固定的意义,使用和翻译时不能随意拆开。

这种词汇并列使用主要有两个目的:一是通过两个或多个词汇的共同含义来限定其唯一词义,从而排除了由于一次多义可能产生的歧义,体现合同的严谨;二是通过两个或多个词语的并列来体现合同的正式。

例如:5. This agreement is made and entered into on April 16, 2007 by and between Party A and Party B. (本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。

)该句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于近义词和相关词并列。

6. On the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void.(有效期满后,本合同自动失效)该句中两个意思相近的形容词null and void并列。

7. This Contract shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the
Sales Confirmation signed by both parties hereto.
4.使用非常正式的书面语词汇
英文合同属于法律文体,即“庄重文体”(frozen style)或正式文体,是各种英语文体中规范程度最高的一种,其用语通常正式保守。

合同用词通常选择意义明确、不含歧义的词语,以免引起不必要的误解或纠纷。

合同英语有着严肃的风格,合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移,它是合同语言准确表达的保障。

因此英文合同的正式、严谨还体现在合同中使用大量的书面语词汇。

例如Submit, confirm, endorse, abide by, maintain, promote等词都是非常正式的书面语词汇。

这些词比较正式,庄重,在其它文体中较少使用,没有什么联想意义,词义明确,符合合同这一文体对语言严谨的要求。

此外,英文合同中常使用以下词汇(括号中的词是常用词汇,一般不出现在合同中):amend(change, correct)“修改”,assist (help)“帮助”,advise(tell)“通知”,commence (begin或start)“开始”,employ(use)“使用”,cease to do (stop doing)“停止做”,convene (hold, call ) “召开”,construe (explain, interpret)“解释”,deem (think, believe,consider )“认为”,render (give)“给予,提供”,rescind (cancel)“撤消”,terminate(end)“终止”,partake in(join)“参与”,require(ask)“要求”,surrender(give)“递交”,consent (agreement)“同意”,indemnities (compensation )“赔偿”,conveyance (transfer of real estate)“不动产转让”,prior to(before)“在……之前”,provided that (but)“但是”,in accordance with(according to)“按照”,by virtue of (due to, because of )“因为”,as regards/ concerning /relating to (about )“关于”,in effect (in fact) “事实上”,miscellaneous (other matters) “其他事项”,pursuant to (according to )“依照/按照”等。

这些正式的词语使合同这种法律性文件显得郑重、严肃,表现出法律的威严。

例如:8. At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send
technicians to assist
Party B to install the equipment.(应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。


此句中assist 较help 正式;9. The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.(雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。

)此句中render 较give 正式;10. This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.(本合同受中国法律管辖,并按中国法律解释。

)此句子中construe 较explain, interpret 正式。

5. 使用具有特殊含义的普通词汇
英语里大多数词汇具有多义性,同一个词在不同的语境中,往往有不同的含义。

但一些常用词汇在英文合同中具有特殊的含义,不能按照日常用语中的意义去理解。

例如:9. Neither party hereto shall assign this contract(合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同)。

此句中的“assign”表示“转让”,而不是日常用语中“分派”的含义。

以下常用词汇经常出现在英文合同中,但它们不再是一般意义上的用法,往往具有与合同有关的特定含义:said(上述的,该),avoid(使无效、撤消),consideration(对价、约因),execute(签定),prejudice(损害),save(除了,除……外),action (诉讼),alienation (转让),limitation (时效),satisfaction (清偿,补偿),dishonor(拒付),whereas(鉴于)
等。

这些词在英文合同中词义相对固定,体现了合同用词规范的特点。

因此,要准确地理解英文合同,有必要了解这些普通词汇在英文合同中的特殊含义,否则就会造成理解上的错误。

结语
以上五个方面充分体现了英语合同的词汇具有用词严谨、准确、庄严、保守和规范等特点。

在书写合同时,应尽量避免使用口语词汇,注意用词的规范性,尽量使用书面语,以传达出原文庄重严谨的语言风格。

了解和把握英语合同的用词特点,是准确理解合同、正确书写英文合同乃至恰当
翻译英文合同的前提。

ad referendum contract 暂定合同
agency agreement 代理协议
agency contract 代理合同
agreement and contract 协议与合同
agreement fixing price共同定价协议
agreement on general terms and conditions on business 一般经营交易条件的协议
agreement on import licensing procedure 进口许可证手续协议
agreement on loan facilities up to a given amount商定借款协议
agreement on reinsurance 分保协议
agreement to resell 转售协议
barter contract 易货合同
bilateral agreement 双边协议
bilateral trade agreement 双边贸易协议
binding contract 有约束力合
blank form contact 空白合同
commercial agreement 商业协定
commercial contract 商业合同
compensation trade agreement 补偿贸易协议
compensation trade contact 补偿贸易合同
cross licence contract 互换许可证合同
distributorship agreement 销售协议
Ex contract 由于合同
exclusive distributorship agreement 独家销售协议
exclusive licence contract 独家许可证合同
Export contract 出口合同
Firm sale contact 确定的销售合同
Formal contract 正式合同
Forward contract 期货合同
guarantee agreement 担保协议
Illegal contract 非法合同
Import contract 进口合同
Indirect contract 间接合同
Installment contract 分期合同
international trade agreement 国际贸易协议
International trade contract 国际贸易合同
joint venture agreement 合营协议
licensing agreement 许可证协议
loan agreement 贷款协议
management agreement 经营管理协议
multilateral trade agreement 多边贸易协议
operating agreement 经营协议
partnership agreement 合伙契约
supply agreement 供货合同
trade agreement 贸易协议
written contract 书面协议
英语合同中的常见古英语词汇
当代英语中常常出现古英语的痕迹.在合同\协议等文件中此类古英语词汇仍然屡见不鲜.
说实在的,它们颇让人感到枯燥无味,但是,我们既然学习法律英语,就必须对它们有个大致的掌握.大家说呢?
herein-----in this于此, 在这里
e.g 1.except as otherwise herein provided 除另有规定外
2. This is to inform you herein below of our terms of shipment in regard to our orde rs on FOB terms:
兹将我们按FOB价格条件成交的装运条款函告如下:
hereinafter------later in the contract以下, 在下文中
e.g
China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC in brief and hereinafter referred to as the Arbitration Commission, also named as the Court of A rbitration of China Chamber of International Commerce)中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(英文缩写CIETAC,同时称中国国际商会仲裁院,以下简称贸仲委)
herewith-----with this同此, 因此
e.g I enclose herewith a cheque for20pounds. 随信附上二十镑支票一张
hereafter----following this今后, 从此以后
e.g Buyer request special packaging hereafter he agree bearing extra cost involve.买主要求特殊包装,他们同意负担可能出现的额外费用。

hereby---by this means or by reason of this因此, 据此
e.g We hereby inform you that your last shipment has apparently been lost.
上批货物已明显遗失,特此通知。

hereof-----of this于此, 关于此点
e.g 1. more hereof later .(关于这一点)详见后文.
2 .You will find the signature of Mr.Yokota at the foot hereof.
横田先生签名如下。

hereinbefore---in a preceding part of the contract以上, 在上文中
hereunder-----under this在此之下, 在下(文)
hereto---to this到此为止, 关于这个
e.g According to the schedule of payment attached hereto根据在此附上的付款计划表。

therein--in that在那里
e.g Please note that all the prices stated therein are subject to change on account o
f market fluctuation.
请注意表列价格须随市场变动而修改。

thereinafter---in that part of the contract在下文, 以下,在下一部分中
thereafter---after that其后, 从那时以后
thereto--to that往那里,此外
thereby--by that means因此
thereof--of that关于
e.g 1.In witness whereof;in testimony thereof .以资证明
2.
Please take note thereof,and honour his draft on presentation.
惠请予以留意,当他向贵行提示汇票时,予以承兑为荷。

thereunder--under that part of the contract在其下,依据
thereupon--as a result of that 因此
whereat---at which point对此,对那个
e.g I know the things whereat you are displeased.
wherefore--for what reason;why为什么, 因此
e.g Every why has a [ its ] wherefore.[谚]凡事均有因;有理由必有原因。

whereof-----of which关于什么
wherein ---in which在何处, 在其中
whereon--on which于其上
whereupon----upon which ;at which于是, 因此
thence--from that place;from that time从此, 从那里起
We can fly to London and thence to Paris.
thenceforth---from that time onward;thereafter从那时以后,从那时起
e.g Women are given the same rights as men;thenceforth they can vote.
妇女被授予男人同样的权力;从那时起,妇女可以选举了。

销售合同英语词汇
Source: 2009-01-05 我要投稿恒星英语学习论坛Favorite 售货合同
SALES CONTRACT 合同编号:
Contract NO:
签订地点:
Signed at:
签订日期:
Date: 买方:
The Buyers:
卖方:
The Sellers:
双方同意按下列条款由买方售出下列商品:
The Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as set forth below:
(1)商品名称、规格及包装
(1)Name of Commodity ,Specifications and Packing (2)数量
(2)Quantity
(3)单价
(3)Unit Price
(4)总值
(4)Total Value (装运数量允许有%的增减)
(Shipment Quantity %more or less allowed)(5)装运期限:
(5)Time of Shipment:
(6)装运口岸:
(6)Port of loading:
(7)目的口岸:
(7)Port of Destination:
(8)保险;由方负责,按本合同总值110%投保_____险。

(8)Insurance:To be covered by the___for 110% of the invoice value against_____ __.
(9)付款:凭保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期有电报套汇条款/见票/出票____天期付款信用证,信用证以_____为受益人并允许分批装运和转船。

该信用证必须在______前开到卖方,信用证的有效期应为上述装船期后第15天,在中国______到期,否则卖方有权取消本售货合约,不另行通知,并保留因此而发生的一切损失的索赔权。

(9)Terms of Payment:By confirmed, irrevocable, transferable and divisible letter of credit in favour of _____payable at sight with TT reimbursement clause/___days’/si ght/date allowing partial shipment and transshipment. The covering Letter of Credit must reach the Sellers before _____and is to remain valid in _____.China until the 15th day after the aforesaid time of shipment, failing which the Sellers reserve the r ight to cancel this Sales Contract without further notice and to claim from the Buyer s for losses resulting therefrom.
(10)商品检验:以中国________所签发的品质/数量/重量/包装/卫生检验合格证书作为卖方的交货依据。

(10)Inspection:The Inspection Certificate of Quality / Quantity / Weight / Packing / Sanitation issued by_______of China shall be regarded as evidence of the Sellers’delivery.
(11)装运唛头:
(11)Shipping Marks:
其他条款:
OTHER TERMS:
1. 异议:品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出,数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出,但均须提供经卖方同意的公证行的检验证明。

如责任属于卖方者,卖方于收到异议20天内答复买方并提出处理意见。

1. Discrepancy:In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, while for qua
ntity discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within 15 days after the arri val of the goods at the port of destination. In all cases, claims must be accompanied by Survey Reports of Recognized Public Surveyors agreed to by the Sellers. Should the responsibility of the subject under claim be found to rest on the part of the Sell ers, the Sellers shall, within 20 days after receipt of the claim, send their reply to th e Buyers together with suggestion for settlement.
2. 信用证内应明确规定卖方有权可多装或少装所注明的百分数,并按实际装运数量议付。

(信用证之金额按本售货合约金额增加相应的百分数。


2. The covering Letter of Credit shall stipulate the Sellers’s option of shipping the in dicated percentage more or less than the quantity hereby contracted and be negotiat ed for the amount covering the value of quantity actually shipped. (The Buyers are r equested to establish the L/C in amount with the indicated percentage over the total value of the order as per this Sales Contract.)
3. 信用证内容须严格符合本售货合约的规定,否则修改信用证的费用由买方负担,卖方并不负因修改信用证而延误装运的责任,并保留因此而发生的一切损失的索赔权。

3. The contents of the covering Letter of Credit shall be in strict conformity with the stipulations of the Sales Contract. In case of any variation there of necessitating am endment of the L/C, the Buyers shall bear the expenses for effecting the amendmen t. The Sellers shall not be held responsible for possible delay of shipment resulting fr om awaiting the amendment of the L/C and reserve the right to claim from the Buy ers for the losses resulting therefrom.
4. 除经约定保险归买方投保者外,由卖方向中国的保险公司投保。

如买方需增加保险额及/或需加保其他险,可于装船前提出,经卖方同意后代为投保,其费用由买方负担。

4. Except in cases where the insurance is covered by the Buyers as arranged, insura nce is to be covered by the Sellers with a Chinese insurance company. If insurance f or additional amount and /or for other insurance terms is required by the Buyers, pr ior notice to this effect must reach the Sellers before shipment and is subject to the Sellers’ agreement, and the extra insurance premium shall be for the Buyers’ accou nt.
5. 因人力不可抗拒事故使卖方不能在本售货合约规定期限内交货或不能交货,卖方不负责任,但是卖方必须立即以电报通知买方。

如果买方提出要求,卖方应以挂号函向买方提供由中国国际贸易促进委员会或有关机构出具的证明,证明事故的存在。

买方不能领到进口许可证,不能被认为系属人力不可抗拒范围。

5. The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to Force Majeure caus
e or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or ca nnot deliver the goods. However, the Sellers shall inform immediately the Buyers by cable. The Sellers shall deliver to the Buyers by registered letter, i
f it is requested
by the Buyers, a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of Internat ional Trade or by any competent authorities, attesting the existence of the said caus e or causes. The Buyers’ failure to obtain the relative Import Licence is not to be tre ated as Force Majeure.
6. 仲裁:凡因执行本合约或有关本合约所发生的一切争执,双方应以友好方式协商解决;如果协商不能解决,应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会,根据该会的仲裁规则进行仲裁。

仲裁裁决是终局的,对双方都有约束力。

6. Arbitration:All disputes arising in connection with this Sales Contract or the execu tion thereof shall be settled by way of amicable negotiation. In case no settlement c an be reached, the case at issue shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the pro visions of the said Commission. The award by the said Commission shall be deemed as final and binding upon both parties.
7. 附加条款(本合同其他条款如与本附加条款有抵触时,以本附加条款为准。

):
7. Supplementary Condition(s)(Should the articles stipulated in this Contract be in co nflict with the following supplementary condition(s),the supplementary condition(s)sh ould be taken as valid and binding.)
卖方(Sellers):买方(Buyers):
合同词汇大全
该contract wages 合同工资
contract 合同,订立合同
contractor 订约人,承包人
contractual claim 根据合同的债权
contractual damage 合同引起的损害
contractual dispute 合同上的争议
contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保
contractual income 合同收入
contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务
contractual practice/usage 合同惯例
contractual specifications 合同规定
contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件
contractual 合同的,契约的
contractual-joint-venture 合作经营,契约式联合经营
copies of the contract 合同副本
在拟定商务合同的时候,还会用到哪些词汇呢?今天将为您继续介绍。

execution of contract 履行合同
expiration of contract 合同期满
interpretation of contract 解释合同
originals of the contract 合同正本
performance of contract 履行合同
renewal of contract 合同的续订
to abide by the contract 遵守合同
to alter the contract 修改合同
to approve the contract 审批合同
to be laid down in the contract 在合同中列明
to be legally binding 受法律约束
to be stipulated in the contract 在合同中予以规定
to break the contract 毁约
to bring a contract into effect 使合同生效
to cancel the contract 撤消合同
to carry out a contract 执行合同
to cease to be in effect/force 失效
to come into effect 生效
to countersign a contract 会签合同
to draft a contract 起草合同
to draw up a contract 拟订合同
to enter into a contract 订合同
to execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 执行合同
to get a contract 得到合同
to go (enter)into force 生效
to honor the contract 重合同
to land a contract 得到(拥有)合同
to make a contract 签订合同
to make some concession 做某些让步
to place a contract 订合同
to repeat a contract 重复合同
to secure one's agreement 征得……的同意
to ship a contract 装运合同的货物
to sign a contract 签合同
to stand by 遵守
to tear up the contract 撕毁合同
to terminate the contract 解除合同
合同英译时易混淆的词
英译商务合同时,常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。

因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为必要的。

现在我们就来看一些非常容易混淆的词语。

1. abide by与comply with
abide by与comply with都有“遵守”的意思。

但是当主语是“人”时,英译“遵守”须用abide by。

当主语是非人称时,则用comply with英译“遵守”。

Eg. 双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。

Both parties shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
2. change A to B与change A into B
英译“把A改为B”应该用“change A to B”,英译“把A折合成/兑换成B”应该用“change A into B”,两者不可混淆。

Eg. 交货期改为8月并将美元折合成人民币。

Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into RMB.
3. ex与per,源自拉丁语的介词
ex与per有各自不同的含义。

英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用ex,由某轮船“运走”的货物用per,而由某轮船“承运”则用by。

Eg. 由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于10月1日抵达伦敦。

The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October 1. (S.S. = Steamship)
4. in与after
当英译“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词in,而不能用after,因为介词after指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。

Eg. 该货于11月10日由“东风”轮运出,41天后抵达鹿特丹港。

The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rotterdam in 41 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)
5. on/upon与after
当英译“……到后,就……”时,用介词on/upon,而不用after,因为after表示“之后”的时间不明确。

Eg. 发票货值须货到付给。

The invoice value is to be paid on/upon the arrival of the goods.
6. by与before
当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词before。

Eg. 卖方须在6月15日前将货交给买方。

The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.
(or: before June 16,说明含6月15日在内。

如果不含6月15日,就译为by June 14或者before June 15。

)
二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语
英译商务合同时,常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。

因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的,现把常用且易混淆的七对词语,用典型实例论述如下。

2.1 shipping advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是"装运通知",是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。

然而 shipping instructions 则是"装运须知",是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。

另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与 vendee (买主),consignor(发货人)与 consignee(收货人)。

上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。

2.2 abide by 与 comply with。

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