基于虚拟样机技术的振动筛动力学分析及优化设计
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太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 基于虚拟样机技术的振动筛动力学分析及优化设计 姓名：李增彬 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：机械电子工程 指导教师：程珩 20100501
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
基于虚拟样机技术的振动筛动力学分析及优化设计 摘 要
振动筛作为物料分级设备，因其结构简单、工作可靠等优势，被广泛 应用于建筑、选煤、选矿、冶金、石化、粮食等工业领域。振动筛分机通 过施加于筛体的振动，使物料松散、分层、透筛，同时传送物料，从而达 到物料分级筛分的目的。振动筛分机械作为成套生产设备中重要的组成部 分，其筛分效果和工作稳定性对后续作业效率有着极其重要的影响。 虚拟样机技术是指在产品设计开发过程中，将分散的零部件设计和先 进的分析技术揉和在一起，在计算机上建造出产品的整体模型，并针对该 产品在投入使用后的各种工况进行仿真分析，预测产品的整体性能，进而 改进产品设计、提高产品性能的一种新技术。 本论文以实验室惯性振动筛为研究对象，基于虚拟样机及其协同仿真 技术，利用有限元分析软件 ANSYS 和多体动力学软件 ADAMS 的平台和分析 技术，建立振动筛的刚柔耦合模型。基于多体动力学仿真技术对振动筛的 运动特性进行分析，利用瞬态动力学方法对振动筛主要受力零部件进行应 力分析，并在此基础上对振动筛上的激振横梁进行优化设计，以加强振动 筛的整体性能，使振动筛达到最佳设计效果。本论文主要开展了以下几个 方面的工作： （1）理论分析 基于惯性振动筛主要结构及其工作原理，建立惯性振动筛的动力学模 型。利用惯性振动筛振动微分方程推导出其在工作时的速度、加速度、振
II
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
变量，刚度和强度为状态变量，体积最小为目标函数对激振横梁进行优化 设计，优化后激振横梁的质量减小了 29.4%，根据验证优化结果即满足激 振横梁的强度和刚度要求，也能够保证振动筛筛分效果，达到预期的优化 目的。 关键词：惯性振动筛，虚拟样机技术，刚柔耦合，瞬态动力学分析， 优化设计
V
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
screen parts, according to the composition and vibrating screen assembly relations between parts establish the vibrating screen assembly model. (3)Multi-body Dynamics Analysis Vibrating screen dimensional model will be imported ADAMS by using Mechanism/Pro module. In ADAMS / View to impose constraints, movement and loads on models, establish the inertial vibrating screen’s rigid body dynamics model, and simulation analysis. Get vibrating screen box center of mass displacement curve and vibration isolation spring support reaction curves, solve the vibration isolation system transfer rate, verify the correctness of the rigid body vibrating screen model. (4)Coupled Dynamics Analysis In the ANSYS platform to establish excitation beam finite element model for mesh and modal analysis,generate modal neutral file.Using ADAMS / Flex module import modal neutral file into ADAMS to the establish the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of vibrating screen,carries on the simulation analysis to it, obtains vibrating screen box center of mass displacement curve,finally output load spectrum file used in ANSYS transient dynamics analysis and optimization design. (5)Transient Dynamic Analysis and Design Optimization Establish excitation beam finite element model, import load spectrum file, using ANSYS for its transient dynamics analysis.Obtains excitation beam’s biggest stress over time curve in the start-up and stable operation state as well
IV
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
design, improve product performance. In this paper, the inertial vibrating screen of laboratory as the research object , based on its co-simulation and virtual prototype technology, using the finite element analysis software ANSYS and the multi-body dynamics software platforms and analysis techniques ADAMS, to establish the rigid-flexible coupled model, and using the multi-body dynamics theory to analysis the motion characteristics of inertial vibrating screen, using 源自文库he transient dynamics method to analysis the force of the main parts of inertial vibrating screen, and based on this to optimize the vibrating screen exciter beam. Strengthens the overall performance of the vibrating screen, and enables it to achieve the best design effect. In this thesis, carried out the following areas: (1) Theoretical Analysis Based on the main structural of the vibrating screen and its working principles, establish it’s dynamic model. Use vibrating screen vibrations differential equation deduce the formula of velocity, acceleration, amplitude and phase difference at work; gives the main kinetic parameters of calculation method of the isolation system spring stiffness, transmission rate, the center of mass and driven motor power, as this paper analysis process basis. Provided a theoretical basis for the analysis of thesis. (2)Three-dimensional Modeling Use Pro/e modeling software to build solid models of inertia vibrating
I
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
幅和相位差计算公式；给出了隔振系统弹簧刚度、隔振系统传递率、质心 以及驱动电机功率等振动筛主要动力学参数的计算方法，为本论文的分析 过程提供理论依据。 （2）三维建模 利用Pro/e建模软件建立惯性振动筛零件实体模型，根据惯性振动筛的 组成和零件间的装配关系，建立振动筛的装配体模型。 （3）多刚体动力学分析 将建立好的惯性振动筛三维实体模型利用Mechanism/Pro模块导入到 ADAMS中，在ADAMS/View中对模型施加约束、运动和载荷，建立惯性振动筛 刚体动力学模型，并对其进行仿真分析，得到振动筛筛箱质心位移曲线和 隔振弹簧支反力曲线，求解隔振系统传递率，验证惯性振动筛刚体模型的 正确性。 （4）刚柔耦合动力学分析 在ANSYS平台下建立激振横梁的有限元模型，对其进行网格划分和模态 分析，生成模态中性文件，利用ADAMS/Flex模块将模态中性文件导入到 ADAMS中，建立惯性振动筛的刚柔耦合动力学模型，对其进行仿真分析，得 到振动筛筛箱质心位移曲线并验证模型。最后得到应用于ANSYS瞬态动力学 分析和优化设计的载荷谱（.lod文件）。 （5）瞬态动力学分析及优化设计 将刚柔耦合分析生成的载荷谱文件导入 ANSYS，对其进行瞬态动力学 分析，得到惯性振动筛在启动和稳定工作状态下，激振横梁最大应力随时 间的变化曲线以及共振时激振横梁的应力云图；以激振横梁的板厚为设计
III
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
VIBRATING SCREEN DYNAMICS ANALYSIS AND OPTOMIZED DESIGN BASED ON VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Inertial vibrating screen as a material classification, because of its simple structure, reliable operation and other advantages, are widely used in construction, coal preparation, mineral processing, metallurgy, petrochemical, food and other industries. Inertial vibrating screen through the body of the vibration imposed on the screen, so that material is loose, layered, transparent screen, simultaneous transmission of materials, so as to achieve the purpose of screening material classification. Vibrating screening machine as an important part of a complete set of production equipment , their screening results and work stability has an extremely important impact to the operational efficiency of the follow-up. Virtual prototyping technology is a new technology defined as product design and development process, the scattered components and advanced analytical techniques are rub together to build a computer model of the product, and put the product in a variety of jobs into the state simulation analysis, forecast the overall performance of the product, thereby improving product
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
基于虚拟样机技术的振动筛动力学分析及优化设计 摘 要
振动筛作为物料分级设备，因其结构简单、工作可靠等优势，被广泛 应用于建筑、选煤、选矿、冶金、石化、粮食等工业领域。振动筛分机通 过施加于筛体的振动，使物料松散、分层、透筛，同时传送物料，从而达 到物料分级筛分的目的。振动筛分机械作为成套生产设备中重要的组成部 分，其筛分效果和工作稳定性对后续作业效率有着极其重要的影响。 虚拟样机技术是指在产品设计开发过程中，将分散的零部件设计和先 进的分析技术揉和在一起，在计算机上建造出产品的整体模型，并针对该 产品在投入使用后的各种工况进行仿真分析，预测产品的整体性能，进而 改进产品设计、提高产品性能的一种新技术。 本论文以实验室惯性振动筛为研究对象，基于虚拟样机及其协同仿真 技术，利用有限元分析软件 ANSYS 和多体动力学软件 ADAMS 的平台和分析 技术，建立振动筛的刚柔耦合模型。基于多体动力学仿真技术对振动筛的 运动特性进行分析，利用瞬态动力学方法对振动筛主要受力零部件进行应 力分析，并在此基础上对振动筛上的激振横梁进行优化设计，以加强振动 筛的整体性能，使振动筛达到最佳设计效果。本论文主要开展了以下几个 方面的工作： （1）理论分析 基于惯性振动筛主要结构及其工作原理，建立惯性振动筛的动力学模 型。利用惯性振动筛振动微分方程推导出其在工作时的速度、加速度、振
II
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
变量，刚度和强度为状态变量，体积最小为目标函数对激振横梁进行优化 设计，优化后激振横梁的质量减小了 29.4%，根据验证优化结果即满足激 振横梁的强度和刚度要求，也能够保证振动筛筛分效果，达到预期的优化 目的。 关键词：惯性振动筛，虚拟样机技术，刚柔耦合，瞬态动力学分析， 优化设计
V
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
screen parts, according to the composition and vibrating screen assembly relations between parts establish the vibrating screen assembly model. (3)Multi-body Dynamics Analysis Vibrating screen dimensional model will be imported ADAMS by using Mechanism/Pro module. In ADAMS / View to impose constraints, movement and loads on models, establish the inertial vibrating screen’s rigid body dynamics model, and simulation analysis. Get vibrating screen box center of mass displacement curve and vibration isolation spring support reaction curves, solve the vibration isolation system transfer rate, verify the correctness of the rigid body vibrating screen model. (4)Coupled Dynamics Analysis In the ANSYS platform to establish excitation beam finite element model for mesh and modal analysis,generate modal neutral file.Using ADAMS / Flex module import modal neutral file into ADAMS to the establish the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of vibrating screen,carries on the simulation analysis to it, obtains vibrating screen box center of mass displacement curve,finally output load spectrum file used in ANSYS transient dynamics analysis and optimization design. (5)Transient Dynamic Analysis and Design Optimization Establish excitation beam finite element model, import load spectrum file, using ANSYS for its transient dynamics analysis.Obtains excitation beam’s biggest stress over time curve in the start-up and stable operation state as well
IV
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
design, improve product performance. In this paper, the inertial vibrating screen of laboratory as the research object , based on its co-simulation and virtual prototype technology, using the finite element analysis software ANSYS and the multi-body dynamics software platforms and analysis techniques ADAMS, to establish the rigid-flexible coupled model, and using the multi-body dynamics theory to analysis the motion characteristics of inertial vibrating screen, using 源自文库he transient dynamics method to analysis the force of the main parts of inertial vibrating screen, and based on this to optimize the vibrating screen exciter beam. Strengthens the overall performance of the vibrating screen, and enables it to achieve the best design effect. In this thesis, carried out the following areas: (1) Theoretical Analysis Based on the main structural of the vibrating screen and its working principles, establish it’s dynamic model. Use vibrating screen vibrations differential equation deduce the formula of velocity, acceleration, amplitude and phase difference at work; gives the main kinetic parameters of calculation method of the isolation system spring stiffness, transmission rate, the center of mass and driven motor power, as this paper analysis process basis. Provided a theoretical basis for the analysis of thesis. (2)Three-dimensional Modeling Use Pro/e modeling software to build solid models of inertia vibrating
I
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
幅和相位差计算公式；给出了隔振系统弹簧刚度、隔振系统传递率、质心 以及驱动电机功率等振动筛主要动力学参数的计算方法，为本论文的分析 过程提供理论依据。 （2）三维建模 利用Pro/e建模软件建立惯性振动筛零件实体模型，根据惯性振动筛的 组成和零件间的装配关系，建立振动筛的装配体模型。 （3）多刚体动力学分析 将建立好的惯性振动筛三维实体模型利用Mechanism/Pro模块导入到 ADAMS中，在ADAMS/View中对模型施加约束、运动和载荷，建立惯性振动筛 刚体动力学模型，并对其进行仿真分析，得到振动筛筛箱质心位移曲线和 隔振弹簧支反力曲线，求解隔振系统传递率，验证惯性振动筛刚体模型的 正确性。 （4）刚柔耦合动力学分析 在ANSYS平台下建立激振横梁的有限元模型，对其进行网格划分和模态 分析，生成模态中性文件，利用ADAMS/Flex模块将模态中性文件导入到 ADAMS中，建立惯性振动筛的刚柔耦合动力学模型，对其进行仿真分析，得 到振动筛筛箱质心位移曲线并验证模型。最后得到应用于ANSYS瞬态动力学 分析和优化设计的载荷谱（.lod文件）。 （5）瞬态动力学分析及优化设计 将刚柔耦合分析生成的载荷谱文件导入 ANSYS，对其进行瞬态动力学 分析，得到惯性振动筛在启动和稳定工作状态下，激振横梁最大应力随时 间的变化曲线以及共振时激振横梁的应力云图；以激振横梁的板厚为设计
III
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
VIBRATING SCREEN DYNAMICS ANALYSIS AND OPTOMIZED DESIGN BASED ON VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Inertial vibrating screen as a material classification, because of its simple structure, reliable operation and other advantages, are widely used in construction, coal preparation, mineral processing, metallurgy, petrochemical, food and other industries. Inertial vibrating screen through the body of the vibration imposed on the screen, so that material is loose, layered, transparent screen, simultaneous transmission of materials, so as to achieve the purpose of screening material classification. Vibrating screening machine as an important part of a complete set of production equipment , their screening results and work stability has an extremely important impact to the operational efficiency of the follow-up. Virtual prototyping technology is a new technology defined as product design and development process, the scattered components and advanced analytical techniques are rub together to build a computer model of the product, and put the product in a variety of jobs into the state simulation analysis, forecast the overall performance of the product, thereby improving product