离心式压缩机防喘振控制方案

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5.5~6cm

摘要

离心式压缩机是生产过程中十分重要的气体输送设备，喘振现象是离心式压缩机的固有特性，是离心式压缩机工作在小流量时的不稳定流动状态，它对工业生产有很大的危害。解决离心式压缩机的喘振问题，对提高压缩机运行的质量和效率具有重要意义。如果采用合适控制方法，会提高压缩机的生产效益。

论文首先介绍了压缩机防喘振控制的国内外发展现状和意义，在综合各种现有的压缩机防喘振控制系统解决方案的情况下，基于对离心式压缩机防喘振控制方案研究的目的，本文介绍了离心式压缩机工作的基本原理，并对其喘振特性和防喘振控制系统进行了具体分析，主要运用可变极限流量法，设计了基于8051单片机的离心压缩机防喘振控制系统。

设计内容主要包括：整体设计方案，单片机控制系统的硬件电路设计和软件设计。单片机控制系统的硬件电路设计主要包括检测电路，A/D转换电路，D/A转换电路，显示电路，报警电路，驱动电路等几个部分。软件设计采用的是模块化程序设计方法，主要程序模块包括压力和流量循环采样模块，A/D以及D/A转换程序模块，中断程序模块等。软件设计力求简洁，运用子程序，使程序具有易扩展、可修改移植的优点。

本设计最终目的是使压缩机脱离喘振的危险，也为离心压缩机防喘振控制系统进一步深入研究创造条件。

关键词：离心式压缩机；防喘振；8051；PID

Abstract

Centrifugal compressor is a very important equipment of gas carrying in industrial production process, Surge phenomenon, which is the inherent characteristic of centrifugal compressor, is defined as the instability flow condition when centrifugal compressors works in little flow, and does great harm to industrial production. It has great significance to improve the quality and efficiency of centrifugal compressor in operation by solving the problem of surge. If some proper method is taken, the compressor will get much better profit.

First, this thesis introduces the development and significance of centrifugal compressor anti-surge control both at home and abroad. By the comprehensive consideration of various anti-surge control system applied in centrifugal compressor presently, based on carrying out the objective that the anti-surge control of centrifugal compressor is implemented, the fundamental of work of the centrifugal compressor is introduced, and the speciality of surge and the anti-surge control system is particular analyzed. This thesis uses the method of the alterable limited flow. This article describes design of the anti-surge control of centrifugal compressor based on single chip microcomputer.

Its contents mainly include: Completion of the design plan, hardware circuit design, software design, and etc.. The hardware circuit design of one-chip computer control system mainly includes A/D&D/A change circuit, detection circuit, display circuit, etc.. Adopt the module to design program in software design, procedure module mainly includes flow and pressure circulation module, interrupt program module, conversion program module of A/D&D/A. Software design strives to be succinct，using the subprogram in a large amount, it will make the procedure apt to expand and be revised easily.

The last aim of this scheme is to make the centrifugal compressor break away from the danger of surge, and it will create conditions for further study of centrifugal compressor anti-surge control system.

Key words：centrifugal compressor；anti-surge；8051；PID