烯烃 π键的加成反应

烯烃的平面构型 Planar structure of alkene
Π键的异构
熔点-138.9℃ 沸点3.7℃
熔点-105.5℃ 沸点0.9℃
sp2杂化
2s 2px 2py 2pz 激发 2s 2px 2py 2pz 杂化
sp2
2pz
z y x
z y x
z
x
120°
本节内容 Content
Newman
乙烷构象 Conformation of ethane
H
HH
H
H
HH
重叠式构象
HH
HH
H
HH
HH
HH
H
H
H
HH
HH
H
H
交叉式构象
HH
H
HH
H
H
H
H
伞式
锯架式
纽曼式
伞式，锯架式与纽曼式的画法也适合于其它有机化合物
丁烷的构象 conformation of butane
丁烷的构象 conformation of butane
1、烯烃的结构
Structure of Alkenes
2、烯烃的性质
Addition Reactions of Alkenes
3、作业
Work after class
Outline
A+
D
H
C B
复旦大学环境科学与工程系
2014年10月8日
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
sp3 杂化
2s 2px 2py 2pz
sp3
2s 2px 2py 2pz 激发
杂化
109 o 28'
z y x
z y x
Two types of σ bonds
sp3-s形成C-Hσ键
sp3-sp3形成C-Cσ键
σ键——构象 conformation
σ键——构象 conformation Newman
反马氏规则
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
本节内容 Content
阅读：
1、Intrinsic Nature of Markovnikov’s Rule 2、Polymerization of alkenes (P359)
丁烷的构象 conformation of butane
甲烷自由基反应 Free radical reactions
自由基反应三部曲 (IPT)
Three-step feature of free radical reactions
Initiation
Bond-dissociation energy
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
Termination
自由基反应重要步骤
选择性和活化能
Selectivity and activation energy (Ea)
sp3
sp2
p-σ超共轭 p-σ conjugation
反应的选择性 selectivity
自由基的稳定性 stability
本节内容 Content
1、烯烃的结构
1、烯烃的结构
Structure of Alkenes
2、烯烃的性质
Reactions of Alkenes
3、作业
Work after class
3、Work in class
CH3CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2 OH
CH3CHCH3 OH
3、 Work after class
1、P322 习题8-10 2、P324 习题8-12 (1,2) 3、P331 习题8-20 (1,3) 4、P334 习题8-22 (1,3,5)
烯烃 π键的加成反应
Alkene & Addition reactions of π bonds
本节内容 Content
1、烯烃的结构
Structure of ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlkenes
2、烯烃的性质
Reactions of Alkenes
3、作业
Work after class
sp3 hybridization
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
自由基反应三部曲 (IPT)
Three-step feature of free radical reactions
Propagation
自由基反应三部曲 (IPT)
Three-step feature of free radical reactions
自由基反应三部曲 (IPT)
自由基反应三部曲 (IPT)
Structure of Alkenes
2、烯烃的性质
Reactions of Alkenes
3、作业
Work after class
结构 Structure
结构 Structure
结构 Structure
〉
Bond energy of alkene
Unit: kcal mol-1
结构 Structure
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
鉴别不饱和键
+ CH3—CH CH2
Br2
CCl4
CH3CHBrCH2Br
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
碳正离子的稳定性
+ CH2——CH2——CH3
+ CH3——CH——CH3
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
碳正离子的稳定性
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
CH3CH=CH2
CH3CHCH3 OH
CH3CH2CH2 OH
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions
2、Electrophilic addition reactions