发动机排放控制技术与应用分析

发动机排放控制技术与应用分析

摘要

随着汽车在生活中的普及，汽车排放的污染物对环境的危害越来越明显，严重威胁着人类的生存环境与健康。本文主要概述了一些主要的发动机排放污染物的生成机理与危害，以及发动机排放物的影响因素，发展汽车发动机的排放控制技术能够有效地抑制和减少发动机排放物对大气环境的污染，在一定程度上减轻了污染物对人类健康的影响。

关键词：排放；污染；控制技术

Abstract

With the popularity of the car in the life and damage of the vehicle emissions of pollutants on the environment is more and more obvious, a serious threat to human survival environment and health. This paper provides an overview of the formation mechanism of some of the main engine and emission of pollutants and the harm, as well as the influence of engine emissions factors, automobile engine emission control technology can effectively inhibit and reduce engine emissions on the atmospheric environment pollution, reduces the pollutants on human health effects in a certain extent.

Key words: emission; pollution; control technology

目录

摘要.................................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论................................................................................................................................................. １

1.1 研究的背景.................................................................................................................................... １

1.2 研究的意义.................................................................................................................................... １

1.3 研究方法........................................................................................................................................ ２第二章发动机排放物的危害..................................................................................................................... ３

2.1 一氧化碳（CO）的危害 ............................................................................................................ ３

2.2 碳氢化合物（HC）的危害........................................................................................................ ３

NO）的危害........................................................................................................... ３

2.3 氮氧化物（

x

SO）的危害............................................................................................................ ４

2.4 二氧化硫（

2

2.5 微粒物PM的危害 ........................................................................................................................ ４第三章发动机主要污染物的生成机理 ..................................................................................................... ５

3.1 一氧化碳的生成机理.................................................................................................................... ５

3.2 碳氢化合物的生成机理................................................................................................................ ５

3.3 氮氧化物的形成............................................................................................................................ ６

3.4 微粒的形成（流行假说）............................................................................................................ ６第四章发动机排放物生成的影响因素 ..................................................................................................... ７

4.1 点火提前角的影响........................................................................................................................ ７

4.2 发动机工作温度的影响................................................................................................................ ７

4.3 燃油品质的影响............................................................................................................................ ７

4.4 空燃比的影响................................................................................................................................ ７第五章发动机排放控制技术..................................................................................................................... ８

5.1 三元催化转换装置........................................................................................................................ ８

5.2 缸内直喷技术................................................................................................................................ ９