校园文化景观体系设计

中国高校校园文化景观体系设计

摘要

自建国以来，我国大学校园的规划和设计在“苏联模式”、“多快好省”等方针指导下，产生了许多缺乏校园应有的文化气息及历史文化底蕴的校园景观规划设计项目。并且，随着我国科学、文化、教育的发展，新时期人们对高校及高校校园景观的需求已超越原有单纯对功能的需求，而更加注重文化、氛围及高校历史文化底蕴的需求。因此，一些建国初期规划设计建设的校园已经明显跟不上这一发展状况。

在信息爆炸及全球化的今天，文化缺失已经成为景观规划设计的一个严重问题，对于文化景观，国内外已有一些研究，例如美国景观设计协会认为景观建筑包括分析，规划，设计，管理和指导的自然资源和建造环境。类型及项目包括：高校校园、养护、公司和商业、花园和植物园、历史保存和修复、招待费及度假村、体制、室内景观、土地规划、园林艺术和地球雕塑、纪念碑、公园和娱乐、填海工程、住宅、安全设计、街道和公共场所、治疗花园、运输走廊和设施、城市设计、水资源。再如，北京大学俞孔坚教授在其《20世纪中国景观设计学科大视野》中高呼“中华民族身份和文化认同的危机”。然而具体到校园景观规划设计中，对于文化景观系统的、完整的论述则是凤毛麟角。

本文针对以上问题，提出我国高校校园景观设计应在引进先进设计理念，继承优秀的历史文化及结合我国高校校园景观规划设计客观情况的前提下，我国高校校园景观规划与设计应更加注重对校园文化与高校历史文化底蕴的规划与设计。这样我国高校校园景观的规划设计及建设才能突破原有僵化的思维模式，摒弃混乱的规划设计方法，跟上时代步伐，满足迎接新时期对高校校园景观的要求与人们的需求。

关键词：校园景观，历史底蕴，文化景观

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CHINA'S CUL T URAL LANDSCAPE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Since the founding of the PRC, China's university campus planning and design of the "Soviet model", " Achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results;" under the guidance of such principles, resulting in a lot of due a lack of campus culture and cultural history of the campus landscape planning and design projects. In addition, as China's science, culture, education, development, and the new era of college and university campus landscape has gone beyond the original demand for a simple functional needs, and pay more attention to culture, climate and cultural history of University needs. Therefore, some preliminary planning for the design of the building of nation-building campus has been significantly behind in this development.

In the information explosion and globalization, culture loss of landscape planning and design has become a serious problem, so for the cultural landscape, there have been some research at home and abroad, such as the United States Association of landscape design that will include an analysis of landscape architecture, planning, design, management and to guide the construction of the natural resources and environment. Types and include: College campus, conservation, corporate and commercial, gardens and botanical gardens, historical preservation and restoration, hospitality and resorts, institutional, interior landscape, land planning, landscape art and earth sculpture, monuments, parks and recreation, reclamation works, housing, safety design, streets and public places, therapeutic gardens, transportation corridors and facilities, urban design, water resources. Again, Peking University, Professor Yu Kongjian its "20th Century Chinese landscape design disciplines big vision" of shouting "Chinese identity and cultural identity crisis." Specific to the design of the campus landscape planning, cultural landscape, complete exposition is rare.

In this paper, the above-mentioned problems, the landscape design of our campus should be the introduction of advanced design concept, inheritance and outstanding combination of historical and cultural landscape of our campus planning and design under the premise of the objective situation, our campus landscape planning and design should be more emphasis on Campus Culture University culture and the history of the planning and design. This landscape of our campus planning and design and construction in order to break the original rigid mode of thinking, get rid of the confusion of planning and design methods, keep pace with the times to meet the new era of campus to meet the requirements of the landscape and people's needs.

Keywords: campus landscape, historical background, cultural landscape