基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术毕业设计

毕业设计说明书基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术

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2012年 6 月

基于麦克风阵列的声源定位技术

摘要

声源定位技术是利用麦克风拾取语音信号，并用数字信号处理技术对其进行分析和处理，继而确定和跟踪声源的空间位置。声源定位技术在视频会议、语音识别和说话人识别、目标定位和助听装置等领域有着重要的应用。传统的单个麦克风的拾音范围很有限，拾取信号的质量不高，继而提出了用麦克风阵列进行语音处理的方法，它可以以电子瞄准的方式对准声源而不需要人为的移动麦克风，弥补单个麦克风在噪声处理和声源定位等方面的不足，麦克风阵列还具有去噪、声源定位和跟踪等功能，从而大大提高语音信号处理质量。

本文主要对基于多麦克风阵列的声源定位技术领域中的基于时延的定位理论进行了研究，在此基础上研究了四元阵列、五元阵列以及多元阵列的定位算法，并且分别对其定位精度进行了分析，推导出了影响四元、五元阵列目标方位角、俯仰角及目标距离的定位精度的一些因素及相关定位方程，并通过matlab仿真软件对其定位精度进行了仿真；最后在四元、五元阵列的基础上，采用最小二乘法对多元阵列定位进行了计算；通过目标计算值和设定值对比，对多元阵列的定位精度进行了分析，并得出了多元阵列的目标定位的均方根误差。

关键词：麦克风阵列，声源定位，时延，定位精度，均方根误差

Based on Microphone Array for Sound Source Localization Research

Abstract

Sound source positioning technology is to use the microphone to pick up voice signals, and digital signal processing technology used for their analysis and processing , Then identify and track the spatial location of sound source. Acoustic source localization techniques have a variety of important uses in videoconferencing, speech recognition and speaker identification, targets’ direction finding, and biomedical devices for the hearing impaired. The pick up range of traditional single microphone is limited, the signal quality picked up is not high, then a voice processing methods with the microphone array has been proposed . It may be electronically aimed to provide a high-quality signal from desired source localization and doe s not require physical movement to alter these microphones’ direction of reception. Microphone array has the functions of de-noising, sound source localization and tracking functions, which greatly improved the quality of voice signal processing.

The article discusses some issues of sound source localization based on microphone array, On the basis ，it studies a four element array,five element array and an multiple array positioning algorithm, then the positioning precision is analyzed. Derived some factors of the azimuth and elevation angle targets the target range of the estimation precision affected and positioning equation. And through MATLAB simulation software for its positioning accuracy of simulation. finally ，based on four yuan, five yuan of array, using the least square method ,the multiple array localization were calculated. Through the contrast of the target value and set value, multiple array positioning accuracy is analyzed, and the of diverse array target positioning.

Keywords: Microphone Array, Sound Source Localization, Time Delay, Positioning precision, root mean square error

目录

1 引言 (1)

1.1研究背景和意义 (1)

1.2声源定位技术的研究现状及发展 (1)

1.2.1 研究历史和现状 (1)

1.2.2 发展趋势 (2)

1.3麦克风声源定位技术 (3)

1.4本文所要研究的内容 (4)

2 声学理论基础知识 (5)

2.1空气的物理特性 (5)

2.2声波的物理特性 (5)

2.3声波在空气中的传播特性 (8)

2.4声源定位原理 (9)

2.5本章小结 (10)

3 基于时延估计的声源定位算法及其精度分析 (11)

3.1时延估计算法概述 (11)

3.2基于时延估计的声源定位的研究分析 (11)

3.2.1 四元阵列定位算法 (12)

3.2.2 五元阵列定位算法 (15)

3.3四元阵列的定位精度分析及其仿真 (15)

3.3.1 方位角精度分析及仿真 (17)

3.3.2 俯仰角精度分析及仿真 (19)

3.3.3 距离估计精度分析及仿真 (21)

3.4五元阵列的定位精度分析及其仿真 (23)

3.4.1 方位角精度分析及仿真 (23)

3.4.2 俯仰角精度分析及仿真 (25)

3.4.3 距离估计精度分析及仿真 (26)

3.5本章小结 (28)

4 多元麦克风阵列声源定位分析 (29)