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2.关于人类建筑的演变，远古的人类为了躲避其他动物、野兽带来的危害，选择居住山洞。说明安全是人类对建筑的最早需求。当安全满足后就想到舒适，可以遮风挡雨，山洞的环境明显不能完全满足舒适性的要求，山洞一般地势较低，下雨会进水且不易排出。

2. About the evolution of human architecture, ancient humans in order to avoid the harm done by the other animals, wild animals, choose live in the cave. To illustrate the demand for building of the first human security. When security meet think of comfortable, can shelter, cave environment obviously cannot completely meet the requirements of comfort, cave is generally low, the rain and not easy to drain the water.

这时，人类开始建造真正意义上的房屋。如图2，满足安全，还有一些舒适感，但最初的房屋太暗，几乎没有采光。人类是灵性的生物，善于思考和创造，窗户被创造，如图3，最早期的窗可以透光但不透视。玻璃的出现改变透光不透视的缺点，被广泛用在门窗上。并带来建筑的美观性。如图4图5，玻璃在建筑中的占比越来越大，建筑也越来越美观舒适。

At this time, humans began to build houses in the true sense. As shown in figure 2, meet safety and some comfort, but the original house too dark, almost no light. Human's spiritual life, thinking and creation, creation of the window, as shown in figure 3, the earliest window can be pervious to light but not perspective. Glass perspective the shortcomings of the outcome of change the pervious to light, is widely used in doors and Windows. Bring the beautiful sex of buildings. As shown

in figure 4, figure 5 glass in the construction of proportion is more and more big, the building is becoming more and more beautiful and comfortable.

3.玻璃的特点：玻璃因其通透性、美观性、舒适性、节能性的优点而被广泛使用，从门窗到幕墙，玻璃在建筑中的比重越来越大，与此同时，一个新的问题产生了。

3. Features: glass because of its permeability, beautiful, comfortable, energy-saving advantages and is widely used, from Windows and doors to curtain wall, glass in the construction of more and more big, at the same time,

a new problem has arisen.

4.建筑能耗：50%的建筑能耗，是通过玻璃散失的。可见玻璃节能性的高低直接影响建筑能耗。玻璃作为门窗和幕墙节能最大潜力的材料，节能玻璃成为人们研究的重点。想要节能，我们首先需了解能量是以何种方式损耗。再逐一改善。

4. The building energy consumption: 50% of building energy consumption, is dissipated through the glass. Visible glass energy directly affect building energy consumption. Glass as doors and Windows and curtain wall energy saving potential of the largest material, energy saving glass become the research focus. Want to energy conservation, we first need to know in what way the energy loss. Improve them one by one.

5.热的传递方式：分为三种，传导、对流、辐射。

5. Heat transfer mode: is divided into three kinds, conduction, convection and radiation.

（1）传导传递：空气的导热系数远低于玻璃的传热系数，我们通过特殊的中空设置，制成中空玻璃降低热的传导传递，改善传导传递的损耗；

(1) conduction transfer: the coefficient of thermal conductivity is far lower than the glass heat transfer coefficient of air, we through the special hollow set, made of hollow glass to reduce heat conduction transfer, improve the conduction transfer loss;

（2）对流传递：温差的存在，是产生对流的原因。尤其是夏季或冬季，加速了能耗的对流，同样可以使用中空玻璃，通过设置合理的中空腔厚度（有较厚的空气层，又不至于内部对流）降低对流传递的损耗；

(2) convection: the existence of temperature difference, are the reasons for convection. Especially in the summer or winter, speeds up the energy consumption of the convection, also can use hollow glass, by setting the reasonable thickness of the hollow cavity (has the thick air layer, without internal convection) reduce the wastage of the convection;

（3）辐射传递：普通中空玻璃无法有效阻隔热辐射。通过在使用节能玻璃，即镀膜玻璃，可有效阻隔热辐射的传递。达到降低辐射传递的能耗。

(3) the radiative transfer: ordinary insulating glass unable to effectively block radiation. By using energy