汉英段落翻译技巧总结

汉译英段落翻译技巧

段落的衔接：一个段落是内容相对完整，结构相对独 立的语言片段，译者在翻译时要把整个段落当做一个 有机的语篇来处理。段落中各部分如句子之间的衔接 和段落间的过渡属于较高层次的技能。如果在忠实的 基础上做到句子之间衔接得当，行文流畅连贯，段落 过渡自然，那么译文就更地道，更易为读者接受。 在衔接手法上，汉语常用省略（如主语和连词）和重 复的手段，依靠句与句之间内在的隐性逻辑关系体现 段落的连贯；而英语则常用连接词（连词、关系代词、 关系副词）替代词、人称代词、冠词等体现出段落内 的语篇性。在汉译英时，我们要注意通过词的增补、 替代等技巧把汉语的Βιβλιοθήκη 接习惯转换为英语的衔接习惯。
来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非 常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间 去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。 我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分 欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚 裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除 有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆 在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌："本室助研必须每周 工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。 "这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，/在我所呆的3 年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士 毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻， 硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学 旅程。
1) 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们 对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。 People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature. Therefore human beings, with no exception, have been deeply depended on it. 2) 有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人 好心情。A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. 3) 在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验 室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited into his lab and only 5 of them stayed on until they graduated with their Ph. D. degrees.
汉英翻译技巧总结：
通常,人们认为，汉语多散句、紧缩句、流水句和并列句,形 成层次不多的竹节式结构;而英语句子受严谨的主谓框架和 严谨的时态、语态,以及复杂的从属结构和丰富的非谓语及介 词等表达手段的影响而形成多层次的葡萄式结构。 因此，汉译英时，译文在逻辑和外形上都应体现出英语的特 点。如果是单句，首先应当确立句子的主干及句型，如果是 复杂句或长句，则需要确立信息重心，根据上下文行文的需 要进行句子组合，可以译成并列句、复合句（名词性从句， 定语从句，状语从句)或使用独立结构。这是汉译英的第一步， 也是正确译文的基础。

段落的文体：不同的语体对译文的要求不尽相 同。翻译时需要兼顾到各种文体的特点，以使 译文与原文的内容风格保持一致。记叙文和说 明文一般比较平实，只要能翻译清楚、明白、 流畅就可以；论述性文章要体现出说理性、逻 辑性；散文性文体要体现出原文的感情、韵律， 语言要流畅、地道；说明性文体的语言要清楚、 明白，如果带有文化背景知识，译文中也要解 释清楚。
大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致 并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature. Therefore human beings, with no exception, have been deeply depended on it. This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of years . 加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3,000万。吸收外来移民， 是加拿大长期奉行的国策。Canada is a large country with a small population. Although its territory is bigger than that of China, it only has a population of less than 30 million people. Consequently, to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have become a national policy long observed by Canada. 他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌："本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时

段落的连贯 段落的连贯指的是内容情节上的串联，或者是 逻辑关系上的贯通，总的来说就是有完整的语 义关系，段落各个部分的语义连接通顺而流畅。 翻译中需要特别注意吃透原文精神，将字里行 间的意思弄明白，才能从看似孤立，实际关联 的句子中找到主题脉络，再通过增词等技巧再 现汉语原文的思想内容。



至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。 He even put a striking notice on
the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this lab are required to work seven days a week, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.”

Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor ( advisor / tutor) is of Asian origin who is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp (an irritable) temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into the psychology of Asian students. Hence, of all the students recruited by his laboratory, except for one German, the rest five were all from Asia. He even put a striking notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10 a.m. to 12p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. In the course of the three and half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed on until they graduated with their Ph. D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the remonstrations (admonishments / dissuasions) from others, I accepted my supervisor's sponsorship and embarked on the difficult journey of academic pursuit (undertaking further studies in the United States).