2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练精品题（11）及答案
英语阅读理解荟萃（中级篇）
Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.
Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must ap preciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rat her like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.
1.What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Advocating Violence.
Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.
2.Recorded history has taught us[A] violence never solves anything.
nothing.
[C] the bloodshed means nothing.
[D] everything.
3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men
[A] can’t get a hearing.
are looked down upon.
[C] are persecuted.
[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.
4.“He was none the wiser” means
[A] he was not at all wise in listening.
He was not at all wiser than nothing before.
[C] He gains nothing after listening.
[D] He makes no sense of the argument.
5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is
[A] law enforcement.
knowledge.
[C] nonviolence.
[D] Mopping up the violent mess.
Vocabulary
1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的
2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物
3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺
4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声
when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。

5.war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。

（美印第安战士用）
e to light = become known 显露，为人所知
7.sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏
I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。

8.mop up 擦去，对付，处理
9.wake 船迹，航迹
in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。

难句译注
1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.
【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。

【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。

2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its
wake.
【结构简析】in the wake of 在…之后。

【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。

3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。

固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。

EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。

【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。

4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。

结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。

句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。

写作方法与文章大意
作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。

作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。

尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。

答案详解
1.B暴力难以消除种族偏见。

文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。

白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。

而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。

作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。

整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。

这是真正令人可怕的事件。

第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。

他们反而收到轻视、迫害。

作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。

第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。

A.鼓吹暴力。

C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。

D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。

2.B没有什么。

第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。

A.暴力解决不了任何事情。

C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。

D.一切。

3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。

答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。

他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。

A.人们不听。

B.遭人轻视。

C.遭人迫害。

这三项都包含在D项内。

4.C听后无所得。

None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。

实际就是C项。

A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。

B.他和以前一个样。

D.他听不懂论点。

5.A法制。

第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。

第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。

B.知识。

C.非暴力。

D.处理暴力带来的混乱。

C
In 1995, Susan Boyle went to Glasgow to audition (试演) for My Kind of people, a televised talent show popular in the UK．She was immediately rejected. She was nervous during the audition, and felt she didn't perform well, but her brother said that she was rejected because of her plain looks. Boyle was not discouraged and continued to sing at church and at the karaoke nights in a local pub.
Boyle suffered a personal loss in 1997, when her father passed away. After his death, Boyle put her big dreams on hold to care for her sick mother Bridget Boyle. The mother and daughter often talked of Susan's possible fame．Bridget Boyle encouraged her daughter to take part in singing competitions. “She was the one who said I should enter Britain's Got Talent．We used to watch i t together.” Susan later told reporters．“She thought I would win.”
In 1999, Boyle used all of her savings to pay for a professional demo (样本唱片) tape ,which she sent to record companies. In 2002, Boyle began taking singing lessons from voice coach Fred O'Neil.
In 2007, Boyle’s mother passed away at the age of 91. A neighbor reported that when Bridget Boyle died, her daughter “wouldn't come out for three or four days or answer the door or phone.” She lived alone with her cat, Pebbles．For over a year, she refused to sing．But in August of 2008, O'Neil urged her to try out for Britain's Got Talent．Convinced that the performance would be an honor to her mother, Boyle auditioned in Glasgow, Scotland．She sang I Dreamed A Dream, a hit song from the musical Les Miserables (《悲惨世界》),in the first round of the show, which was aired on April 11, 2009.
The 47-year-old Scottish woman's plain looks provided a sharp contrast (对比) to her powerfully beautiful voice．The performance astonished the audience and the judges．Online videos of her performance totaled over 40 million views within a week．Although she failed to win the final of Britain's Got Talent, Susan Boyle became globally popular．Her first album I Dreamed A Dream has sold over five million copies.
11. Bridget Bo yle's attitude towards her daughter’s musical talent can be described as _________.
A. critical
B. doubtful
C. indifferent
D. optimistic
12. From Paragraph 4 we learn that Susan ___________.
A. was slightly discouraged by her voice coach
B. entered Britain's Got Talent to prove her ability
C. decided to give up her singing career
D. was deeply affected by her mother’s death
13. Which of the following is TRUE about Susan Boyle?
A. Her international fame grew rapidly in 2008.
B. Her audition for My Kind of People failed.
C. She has never stopped singing since 1995.
D. She was the winner of Britain's Got Talent.
14. Which of the following inferences makes sense according to the passage?
A. Susan Boyle was convinced by her brother that her plain looks were disadvantageous to her success.
B. It was at the age of forty that Susan Boyle established a student-teacher relationship with O’Neil.
C. Susan Boyle was so struck by her father’s death that she shut herself out from the neighborhood.
D. The online views of Les Miserables numbered over 40 million within a week in 2009.
15. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to _____________.
A. tell us how Boyle's dream came true
B. let us know more about Boyle's personal life
C. show how Boyle was influenced by her family
D. explain how to enter and win a talent show
【参考答案】11—15、DDBBA
D
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment （预担的义务）, self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor（单身汉） why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
16. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ________ .
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
17. Raising children, in the author’s opinion is ________ .
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
18. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from （源于）________ .
A. hatred
B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice
D. ignorance
19. To understand what true happiness is one must ________ .
A. have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
20. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness
【参考答案16--20】ACBDA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
I used to watch her from my kitchen window. She seemed so small as she muscled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played during break. I remember the first day I saw her playing basketball. I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids. She managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her but no one could. I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing alone.
One day I asked her why she practiced so much. Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a scholarship. I am going to play college basketball. I want to be the best. My Daddy told me if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Well, I had to give it to her—she was determined. I watched her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her school team to victory.
One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head in her arms. I walked across the street and sat down in the cool grass beside her. Quietly I asked what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,” came a soft reply, “I am just too short.” The coach told her that at 5’5” she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team—much less offered a scholarship—so she should stop dreaming about college. She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tighten as I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not understand the power of a dream. He told her that if she truly wanted a scholarship and that nothing could stop her except one thing — her own attitude.
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was offered a scholarship and on the college team. She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of.
1. The author was probably the girl’s .
A. brother or sister
B. friend
C. mother
D. teacher
2. Why was the girl heartbroken ?
A. She was considered too short to be a top player.
B. Her coach stopped her training because of her height.
C. She couldn’t be on a college basketball team.
D. She wouldn’t be admitted by an ideal college.
3. We can learn from the passage that .
A. her family wouldn’t like to pay her college fee
B. her father forced her to play basketball in collage
C. being a top basketball player can win you a scholarship for college
D. she wouldn’t like to turn to his father for help when in difficulty
4. Which word can best describe her father ?
A. Encouraging.
B. Optimistic.
C. Stubborn.
D. Cruel.
5. Which proverb best matches the story ?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Rome was not built in a day.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. Pride comes before a fall. 【参考答案】1—5、CACAC。