语义翻译
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他让我们再次领略到了他那渊博的知识、丰富的经验、无穷的智慧。
• 动词的选词
• In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
每到中国的一个城市，我们都会逛大街、逛商场、逛公园、上剧院、下餐馆。
三、翻译中的灵活性
• 英汉两种语言在文化背景和语法结构等方面有较大差异，有时不可能根 据原文的词义或句式进行对等的翻译。 • 汉语：意合语言 parataxis • 英语：形合语言 hypotaxis • After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.
• 名词的选词
• • • • • • • • • • • A love letter A suicide letter A commendatory letter A letter of recommendation A congratulatory letter A letter of condolence Cookhouse Washhouse Gatehouse Guardhouse Cave-house summerhouse firehouse store/warehouse customhouse cowhouse/doghouse
• • • • • • • •
run to seed run to extremes run the streets run into debt run sb. into difficulties run to one's aid run the risk of run counter to
花谢结子；（能力/效力）减弱；变得不修边幅 走向极端 流浪街头
• Propensity: inclination/tendency; partiality: preference/fondness 他是个聪明人，谈吐风趣，却不肯用功。他又嗜酒成性，动不动就出入酒吧，总是 会欠下一身债务。
四、翻译中的多样性
• • • • • • • 翻译的多样性： 魂不附体：give up the ghost out of one's wits 寄人篱下：live with a nother family; live ... as a dependant 情投意合： a kindred spirit (person whose tastes, feelings, etc are similar to one's own) be of one mind be on good terms with sb. (if you are on good, bad etc terms with someone, you have a good, bad etc relationship with them) 得陇望蜀：the more you get, the more you want. to hanker for more; to covet the land of Shu after getting the region of Long. 咬牙切齿：clench one's teeth/jaws; grind/gnash one's teeth with rage
• 中国军事传统的基本特色是谋求和平。对内主张坚决维护国家统一，反对民 族分裂；对外一贯奉行睦邻友好的方针和防御战略，以“非攻”球和睦，以 自卫保安宁。万里长城所象征的就是这种防御观念。中华人民共和国自建立 之日起，就始终坚持在统一中求强盛，在强盛中求和平，在和平中求发展。 随着时间的推移，人们越来越清楚地看到，中国有决心和能力保卫自己多国 家安全利益，中国是维护地区与世界和平的重要力量。 • China's military tradition is characteristically one of seeking peace. Under this peace-seeking policy, internally, we resolutely defend national unity and oppose to any attempt at national separation; externally, we follow a good-neighborly policy and a defensive strategy, seeking friendly and harmonious relations through what is known as the “non-offensive” approach and securing peace through self-defense. The Great Wall is symbolic of such a defensive concept. Ever since its founding, the People's Republic of China has been consistently seeking prosperity through unification, seeking peace through prosperity, and seeking development through peace. With the passage of time, it will be even more apparent to the world that China is determined to defend its national security and is capable of doing so, and that China is an important force in safeguarding regional and global peace.
A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post.
• 一连上了好几道菜。
Several courses were served in succession.
• 要求：
• 对工具书的运用能力 • 对语言的运用能力
• 二、表达中的选词
跑离；违反/与…背道而驰；截然相反
• • • • • • • • • • • •
汉语中的一字多义 to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help 上访 to visit a grave to honour the memory of the dead 上坟 上纲上线 To raise to the higher plane of principle To complain to the higher authorities or appeal to a higher court 上告 上供 To offer up a sacrifice 上火 To get angry; to get inflamed 上路 To set out on a journey To be getting on in years 上年纪 To take up an official post/ to take office/ assume office 上任 To come out well in a photograph; to be photogenic 上相 干部要能上能下。
第二章 语义翻译
一、理解中的选义
• 1. 英语中一词多义 • Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts.
经济发展趋势与预测的结果截然相反. 碰壁；撞南墙 • run one's head into a wall • run one's eyes down a list 匆匆看一下单子
• 理解：原文中辨义 • 表达：译文中选词 • 形容词的选词 …yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;
• • •
翻ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้练习：
• China's military tradition is characteristically one of seeking peace. Under this peace-seeking policy, internally, we resolutely defend national unity and oppose to any attempt at national separation; externally, we follow a good-neighborly policy and a defensive strategy, seeking friendly and harmonious relations through what is known as the “non-offensive” approach and securing peace through self-defense. The Great Wall is symbolic of such a defensive concept. Ever since its founding, the People's Republic of China has been consistently seeking prosperity through unification, seeking peace through prosperity, and seeking development through peace. With the passage of time, it will be even more apparent to the world that China is determined to defend its national security and is capable of doing so, and that China is an important force in safeguarding regional and global peace.
……然而，偶尔也会有人死得其所，深受赞誉。因为作为信徒，他很虔诚； 为人父母，他颇慈爱；为人子女，他守孝道；为人妻子，她很贤惠；作为丈 夫，尽职尽责。家人也会因他的离去而悲痛、哀悼。
He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
法国战败后，德国的陆军实力大大超过英国，空军力量与英国旗鼓相当，海军实力 则完全处于劣势。
• He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern.
• 动词的选词
• In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
每到中国的一个城市，我们都会逛大街、逛商场、逛公园、上剧院、下餐馆。
三、翻译中的灵活性
• 英汉两种语言在文化背景和语法结构等方面有较大差异，有时不可能根 据原文的词义或句式进行对等的翻译。 • 汉语：意合语言 parataxis • 英语：形合语言 hypotaxis • After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.
• 名词的选词
• • • • • • • • • • • A love letter A suicide letter A commendatory letter A letter of recommendation A congratulatory letter A letter of condolence Cookhouse Washhouse Gatehouse Guardhouse Cave-house summerhouse firehouse store/warehouse customhouse cowhouse/doghouse
• • • • • • • •
run to seed run to extremes run the streets run into debt run sb. into difficulties run to one's aid run the risk of run counter to
花谢结子；（能力/效力）减弱；变得不修边幅 走向极端 流浪街头
• Propensity: inclination/tendency; partiality: preference/fondness 他是个聪明人，谈吐风趣，却不肯用功。他又嗜酒成性，动不动就出入酒吧，总是 会欠下一身债务。
四、翻译中的多样性
• • • • • • • 翻译的多样性： 魂不附体：give up the ghost out of one's wits 寄人篱下：live with a nother family; live ... as a dependant 情投意合： a kindred spirit (person whose tastes, feelings, etc are similar to one's own) be of one mind be on good terms with sb. (if you are on good, bad etc terms with someone, you have a good, bad etc relationship with them) 得陇望蜀：the more you get, the more you want. to hanker for more; to covet the land of Shu after getting the region of Long. 咬牙切齿：clench one's teeth/jaws; grind/gnash one's teeth with rage
• 中国军事传统的基本特色是谋求和平。对内主张坚决维护国家统一，反对民 族分裂；对外一贯奉行睦邻友好的方针和防御战略，以“非攻”球和睦，以 自卫保安宁。万里长城所象征的就是这种防御观念。中华人民共和国自建立 之日起，就始终坚持在统一中求强盛，在强盛中求和平，在和平中求发展。 随着时间的推移，人们越来越清楚地看到，中国有决心和能力保卫自己多国 家安全利益，中国是维护地区与世界和平的重要力量。 • China's military tradition is characteristically one of seeking peace. Under this peace-seeking policy, internally, we resolutely defend national unity and oppose to any attempt at national separation; externally, we follow a good-neighborly policy and a defensive strategy, seeking friendly and harmonious relations through what is known as the “non-offensive” approach and securing peace through self-defense. The Great Wall is symbolic of such a defensive concept. Ever since its founding, the People's Republic of China has been consistently seeking prosperity through unification, seeking peace through prosperity, and seeking development through peace. With the passage of time, it will be even more apparent to the world that China is determined to defend its national security and is capable of doing so, and that China is an important force in safeguarding regional and global peace.
A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post.
• 一连上了好几道菜。
Several courses were served in succession.
• 要求：
• 对工具书的运用能力 • 对语言的运用能力
• 二、表达中的选词
跑离；违反/与…背道而驰；截然相反
• • • • • • • • • • • •
汉语中的一字多义 to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help 上访 to visit a grave to honour the memory of the dead 上坟 上纲上线 To raise to the higher plane of principle To complain to the higher authorities or appeal to a higher court 上告 上供 To offer up a sacrifice 上火 To get angry; to get inflamed 上路 To set out on a journey To be getting on in years 上年纪 To take up an official post/ to take office/ assume office 上任 To come out well in a photograph; to be photogenic 上相 干部要能上能下。
第二章 语义翻译
一、理解中的选义
• 1. 英语中一词多义 • Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts.
经济发展趋势与预测的结果截然相反. 碰壁；撞南墙 • run one's head into a wall • run one's eyes down a list 匆匆看一下单子
• 理解：原文中辨义 • 表达：译文中选词 • 形容词的选词 …yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;
• • •
翻ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้练习：
• China's military tradition is characteristically one of seeking peace. Under this peace-seeking policy, internally, we resolutely defend national unity and oppose to any attempt at national separation; externally, we follow a good-neighborly policy and a defensive strategy, seeking friendly and harmonious relations through what is known as the “non-offensive” approach and securing peace through self-defense. The Great Wall is symbolic of such a defensive concept. Ever since its founding, the People's Republic of China has been consistently seeking prosperity through unification, seeking peace through prosperity, and seeking development through peace. With the passage of time, it will be even more apparent to the world that China is determined to defend its national security and is capable of doing so, and that China is an important force in safeguarding regional and global peace.
……然而，偶尔也会有人死得其所，深受赞誉。因为作为信徒，他很虔诚； 为人父母，他颇慈爱；为人子女，他守孝道；为人妻子，她很贤惠；作为丈 夫，尽职尽责。家人也会因他的离去而悲痛、哀悼。
He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
法国战败后，德国的陆军实力大大超过英国，空军力量与英国旗鼓相当，海军实力 则完全处于劣势。
• He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern.