语言学概论读书笔记

语言学概论读书笔记

篇一：语言学概论感悟英语

语言学概论感悟

Why do we study linguistics? When we study a particular language, we just study it and actually we are limited by this language. While linguistics can help us study languages in general. In other words, linguistics is a systematic subject for students who want to learn any kind of language better.

Just as my teacher said, linguistics is not only useful but also helpful. After I learned the second language- French, I found between English and French, there had something in common. However, language learning is still more difficult than we get our mother tongue. It must because speech is earlier than writing, for example little children hear sound or human voice first, then they learn written language because words are just symbols. There are things, and then there are the names of things. Just as Shakespeare said a rose by any other name would sell as sweet. If we want to have a good command of other language, we should not only focus on one or two point such as grammar or vocabulary. We should keep in mind learn a language is to learn the whole thoughts. That’

s why we should study linguistics.

Students always have rare interests in language learning for they don’t find a effective way to study it. When we recite words and try to understand the complicated grammar, we may be bored and tired, that’s because we do not know language’s similarities and generalizations. If we study linguistics, we can have a systematic recognition. During a period of time of learning, I find that linguistics has a widely use in language learning. Just like we read a sentence, we should consider the logical meaning of it because we shall know a word by the company it keeps, or we will make mistakes. If we learn linguistic, we can benefit a lot in language learning and find the beauty of the language.

篇二：现代汉语读书笔记

现代汉语读书笔记

第一章引论

第一节汉语和现代汉语

一、现代汉语的性质

（一）什么是现代汉语

1.语言的属性

语言是人类社会特有的产物，劳动创造了语言。

语言既不是经济基础，也不是上层建筑，而是一种特殊的社会现象，具有社会性和全民性。从外部功能而言，语言是人类最重要

的交际工具和思维工具。是人类和其他动物的根本区别之一。

从内容结构上来看，语言是人类特有的一套音义结合的符号系统。它包括语音、词汇、语法三个要素。

语言符号最重要的特点是任意性和线条性。

语言是人类特有的一种社会现象，是人类最重要的交际工具和思维工具，是以语音为物质外壳，以词汇为建筑材料，以语法为结构规律而构成的符号系统。

2.现代汉语的含义

现代汉语是指现代汉名族使用的共同语，是以北京语音为标准，以北方话为基础方言，以典型的现代白话文著作为语法规范的普通话。

(二)现代汉语的历史地位和国际地位

1.汉语的地位

汉语是国内各民族之间共同使用的交际语言，也是国际上代表中国的语言，是世界上使用人口最多的语言。

汉语是世界上最悠久、最发达的语言之一，在世界上具有非常深远的影响。

1973，联合国大会把汉语列为联合国的6种法定工作语言之一（其他5种分别是英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语）。汉语的历史一般可以分成四个时期：

1．上古汉语

2．中古汉语

3．近代汉语

4．现代汉语

2.现代汉语的历史来源。

现代汉语是系带汉语的继承和发展，是以北京话为代表的北方方言的基础上逐渐形成和发展起来的

宋元以后有两种明显的其实在北方话的基础上发生。

书面语方面，白话文学的产生和发展；口语方面，“官话”逐渐渗入各个方言区。我国早在先秦就产生了“雅言”，汉代又有“通语”，到了唐宋时代，形成了“白话”，白话是现代汉民族共同书面形式的来源。

同时，以北京话为代表“官话”也逐步传播开去，“官话”就成了现代汉民族共同口头形式

的源头。

五四运动以后，一方面掀起了“白话文运动”，动摇了文言文的统治地位，另一方面，“国语运动”的开展促使北京音成为民族共同语的标准音。

二、汉语共同语的变体

（一）现代汉语的地域变体（方言）

七大方言区：

1．北方方言。华北官话、西北官话、西南官话、江淮官话。2．吴方言。吴方言也叫江浙话或下江话，以上海话为代表。3．赣方言。赣方言又称江西话，以南昌话为代表。