半波偶极子天线设计

天津职业技术师范大学Tianjin University of Technology and Education

毕业设计

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二○一三年六月

天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业设计

半波偶极子天线设计

The Design of the Half Wave Dipole Antenna

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2013年6月

摘要

近年来,Radio frequency identification(RFID)技术飞速发展并逐渐成为自动物体

识别应用中的主要技术[1].现今有很多种RFID天线类型,如偶极子天线、分形天线、环形槽天线和微带贴片天线等[2].这里着重研究RFID技术中的半波偶极子天线，即是对称振子天线，最常用的是半波振子，偶极子天线是研究天线的基础，具有很多特性，比如辐射特性阻抗特性，波长缩短效应，谐振特性等，它既可作为简单的天线单独使用,又可作为天线阵的单元或面天线的馈源[3-4].所以深入了解半波偶极子天线的设计理论与优化技术是非常重要的.传统的天线设计方法是由设计师根据天线的分析理论以及自己的经验通过编程进行数值计算的方法来确定天线的各参数，这样做不仅花费了大量的时间和精力，而且费用昂贵.本设计采用现代计算机为基础，使用High Frequency Structure Simulator（HFSS）三维电磁仿真软件对半波偶极子天线进行设计及仿真、优化分析方法可以节省时间和精力，设计出符合要求的天线.

论文从课题研究的背景和目的出发，介绍了半波偶极子天线的基本知识、设计原理.随后从设计和实现角度出发，针对半波偶极子天线提出了优化设计方案，并加以仿真并验证.最后依照仿真数据进行实物设计制作并验证其性能.

关键词：3GHz；天线；HFSS10；偶极子天线

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and the rapid development of automatic object recognition has become the main technology applications. Today there are many types of RFID antennas, such as dipole antennas, fractal antennas[1], microstrip patch antenna and annular groove antenna[2]. RFID technology here focuses on the half-wave dipole antenna, dipole antenna that is most commonly used is the half-wave dipole, dipole antenna of the antenna base, has many features, such as radiation characteristic impedance, the wavelength reduction effect, resonance characteristics, etc. it can be used alone as a simple antenna, but also as a unit or antenna array antenna feed surface[3-4]. Therefore, in-depth understanding of a half-wave dipole antenna design theory and optimization technology is very important. Traditional antenna design approach is an analysis by the designer according to the antenna theory and their own experience through the programming of numerical calculation method to determine the parameters of the antenna, so do not spend a lot of time and effort, and expensive. This design uses modern computer-based, using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software half-wave dipole antenna design and simulation, optimization analysis method can save time and effort, designed to meet the requirements of the antenna.

Papers from the background and purpose of the research, this paper introduces a half-wave dipole antenna basics design principles. Then from the design and implementation point of view, for the half-wave dipole antenna proposed optimal design, and make the simulation and verification. Finally simulation data in accordance with the physical design and verify its performance.

Key Words：3GHz; antenna; HFSS10; dipole antenna