选修7动词不定式与被动语态Unit2 Grammar

I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完 整。 1. He wanted the letter __________ to be typed (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project to be designed (design) by Chinese ______________ engineers.
Grammar
Passive Voice
一. 复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice)
英语动词有主动语态 （the active voice）
和被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;
被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态)
不定式被动式的用法:
不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用 不定式的被动式。 一般被动式即 to be done表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生; 完成被动式即to have been done表示不定式
动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month. 他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式)
3. 在“too…to do; …enough to do”结构中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out/ (to be worked out)． The house is big enough to live in. 4. 在“with +n + to do”结构中。例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema．
(3) This house seems to have been built by
a good architect.
通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成 的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及 被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如： They say that Mike is sick in bed.
将
来
shall/will be given
shall/will have been given
1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. The water is being turned into vapour. 3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.
3
Choose the verbs in the passive to complete the passage. list divide connect attach accompany organize surround
On the morning of December 10th, Marion began to write her cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They____ were listed in the alphabetical order of the receivers’ family __________ be divided names. There were sixty in all. The cards would ___________ into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon Because from then on till Christmas her time would_________ be organized into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that
She was glad to have been given so much help.
得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。(完成被动式)
三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表
一般式
主 动 to do
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done to have been done
被
动 to be done
It is said that Mike is sick in bed.
Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起.
People believe that he was killed. It is believed that he was killed. He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了。
3. They knew him ___________________ to have been arrested (arrest) by the police. 4. He’ll show you the right pathto take _______ (take). 5. He said he was _________ to be sent (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.
二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式, 在句中作
主语、宾语、定语, 或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。 It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主语) She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)
More examples:
(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance.
(2) The bridge to be built next year is just
between the one built last year and the one being built now.
He thought it an honor to have been invited to the
party. (复合宾语) The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语) She was the first woman to have been elected to such
7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见 的这类动词有 let (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。 例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame.


8.不定式同疑问词连用时. In society, I really don’t know who to complete fairly with.
by electricity.
7. Madame Curie will always be remembered
as the discoverer of the element radium.
8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.
NOTICE 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动 语态形式的使用普遍, 有时(尤其在口语中) 虽然意思上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态 形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.
6. She didn’t want her son ___________ to be taken (take) away. 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ________________ to have been told (tell) everything. 8. She is busy preparing for the exams __________ to be held (hold) next month. be told 9. He hurried to the station onlyto ______ (tell) that the train had left.
Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.
(被动语态)
转换规则：
用公式表示为:(主动) S+V+O S(O)+V(be+
V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如：
Miss Li is teaching music now.
Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.
4. He was seen to enter the room.
5. At that time they were being shown how to
run the machine.
6. Radios had just been invented then, and
people were talking about sending pictures
一般：be done 进行：be being done 完成：have been done
二、常见主被动时态变化一览表 时 现 在 am/is/are given am/is/are 过 去 was/were given was/were
being given
式
一
般
进
行
完
成
being given
has/have been given had been given
Homework
1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise on page 14 in the textbook.
2
Ex.2 P.14 ★1. to be designed ★2. to be rebuilt ★3. to be accompanied by ★4. to be known as ★5. to be filled with ★6. to be tested out ★7. to be envied ★8. to be set aside
5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如： I have a letter to type today． (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语) 6. 当不定式隐含在 for sb. to do结构中时。 例如：This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．
a post. (定语)
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1. 在 there be 结构中。例如： There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。 常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如： He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work witLeabharlann Baidu．