列车阀检测试验台设计

摘要

感载比例阀是列车制动系主要元件之一,它能使制动压力随载荷的变化而得到调整,保证列车在不同载荷和速度情况下制动的稳定性。为了保证列车行驶的安全性, 感载比例阀必须经过严格的测试, 各项性能指标必须满足行业标准。目前, 国内主要采用手工控制测试或采用进口的性能试验台对感载比例阀进行测试。手工控制测试精度低、同步性差、工作节拍长、生产效率低, 性能检测常常滞后于生产加工,而且检测结果不能储存, 在出现质量问题时无法提交有效的检测报告。进口试验台价格昂贵, 软件维护不方便, 人机交互性差, 且多数为专用型, 无法满足个性化需要。

由于列车感载比例阀涉及人身安全重要性，对其质量提出较高的要求，因此对列车感载比例阀的测试也提出了较多的要求。根据列车感载比例阀的特性，设计研究了比例阀的检测试验台。最后实际检测后表明，该试验台测试精度高、性能稳定、装卸被测试件快速准确、测试时间短、测试结果可视化程度高、历史数据查询方便, 可为列车感载比例阀的研制和在线检测提供可靠的测试依据和试验手段。

关键词：列车制车系统；感载比例阀；检测；试验台

I

Abstract

Feeling is proportional valve train brake system is one of the main components, it can make brake pressure along with the change of load adjustment, ensure trains under the condition of different load and speed braking stability. In order to guarantee the safety of the train, sense of proportion valve must go through rigorous testing, the performance indicators must meet industry standards. At present, our country mainly adopts manual control the import of test or use the performance of the test-bed for proportional valve test load. Manual control low test precision, poor synchronicity, long work rhythm, the production efficiency is low, performance testing is often lags behind the production and processing, and the test results cannot be stored, when quality problems cannot submit valid test report. Import test bench is expensive, software maintenance is not convenient, man-machine interactivity is poor, and the most special, can't satisfy personalized needs.

Because trains are proportional valve importance related to the personal safety, the quality put forward higher requirements, therefore to train load proportional valve test is also put forward more requirements. According to the properties of the sense of train load proportional valve, proportional valve testing test-bed design studied. Finally after the actual test shows that the test high test precision, stable performance, loading and unloading test parts quickly and accurately, short test time, test results, high degree of visualization, historical data query is convenient, can be developed for train sense of proportional valve and provide reliable testing basis and on-line detection methods.

Key words: train car manufacturing system; Load proportional valve; Detection; Test bench

II

列车制动系统比例阀测控试验台设计与研究

目录

摘要...................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................II 1 绪论................................................................................................................................... ４1.1本课题的研究内容和意义............................................................................................. ４1.2国内外的发展概况......................................................................................................... ４

1.3本课题应达到的要求..................................................................................................... ４

2 列车制动系统简介........................................................................................................... ６2.1列车制车系统................................................................................................................. ６

2.1.1制动方式...................................................................................................... ６

2.1.2制动系统组成.............................................................................................. ７

2.1.3制动控制装置.............................................................................................. ７

2.2 空气制动系统的组成及其作用.................................................................................... ７

3 列车感载比例阀技术分析............................................................................................... ９3.1 列车感载比例阀的用途................................................................................................ ９3.2 列车感载比例阀的结构及其工作原理.................................................................... １２

3.2.1 列车感载比例阀的结构......................................................................... １２

3.2.2 列车感载比例阀工作原理..................................................................... １２

4 列车感载比例阀的技术要求....................................................................................... １３4.1 主要技术指标............................................................................................................ １３

4.1.1 工作压力范围：..................................................................................... １３

4.1.2 缓解特性：............................................................................................. １３

4.1.3 回差：..................................................................................................... １３

4.1.4 跟随性：................................................................................................. １３

4.1.5 密封性：................................................................................................. １３

4.1.6 耐压：..................................................................................................... １３

4.1.7 寿命：..................................................................................................... １３

4.1.8 外观：..................................................................................................... １３4.2 列车感载比例阀试验检测........................................................................................ １４

4.2.1 试验条件................................................................................................. １４

4.2.2 试验方法................................................................................................. １５

5 测试系统设计原理以及控制方法............................................................................... １７5.1真空系统..................................................................................................................... １７5.2主要性能测试系统..................................................................................................... １７5.3弹簧拉伸装置............................................................................................................. １８5.4残液排空和回收装置................................................................................................. １８

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