浅析现代林业思想内涵

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浅析现代林业内涵

天水分院(函授站)林学2008 郭桂红

指导教师×××

摘要

本文从林业经营思想的转变着手,对现代林业思想内涵进行了剖析,指出和谐发展是现代林业建设的必由之路。

关键词:现代林业经营目标

目录

1.绪论··························································································错误!未定义书签。

2、林业建设观念的转变······························································错误!未定义书签。

3、“现代林业”的定义······························································错误!未定义书签。

4、“现代林业”的内涵······························································错误!未定义书签。

4.1经营对象·········································································错误!未定义书签。

4.2经营目标·········································································错误!未定义书签。

4.2.1开发可再生能源利用新技术。 ······························错误!未定义书签。

4.2.2建立废弃回收、再生、利用循环系统。················错误!未定义书签。

4.2.3加大木质系列材料开发利用力度,提高生产效益。错误!未定义书签。

4.2.4培育人与自然友好相处的文化氛围。 ···················错误!未定义书签。

4.3经营原则·········································································错误!未定义书签。

4.3.1开发短轮伐期连生木产林;··································错误!未定义书签。

4.3.2营造高产能源林,解决农村燃料短缺状况,·········错误!未定义书签。

4.3.3促进区域社会能源自给化;··································错误!未定义书签。

4.3.4有效利用荒土荒漠资源,提高土地利用率和生产力。错误!未定义书

签。

4.4经营之路·········································································错误!未定义书签。

4.4.1行业建设·······························································错误!未定义书签。

4.4.2加强林业意识建设 ················································错误!未定义书签。

4.4.3加强林业行政能力建设 ·········································错误!未定义书签。结论·····························································································错误!未定义书签。致谢·····························································································错误!未定义书签。参考文献 ·····················································································错误!未定义书签。

1.绪论

二十世纪七八十年代以来,随着生态危机的凸现,人们对待传林业经营思想和经营模式进行了反思,提出了生态林业概念,后又逐渐演化为可持续林业、现代林业。然而,到目前为止,现代林业这个概念,还未被人们真正认识和正确理解,业外人士也有不少人将“现代林业”当做“现代化”林业。业内人士也有不少人将“现代林业”抽象化,使“现代林业”远离社会,脱离实际,严重影响了中国现代林业的建设。

2、林业建设观念的转变

现代林业经营思想不断发生变化,在具体的经营目标和重点上,虽然千差万别,但总体思路和发展方向基本一致,都在不断重现生态环境作用,兼顾生态与经济的协调,其中比较有代表意义的有奥地利的“森林经营新模式”,其目的是实现不破坏生态平衡的环境保护与经营;瑞典的“立地特点林业”,认为“合理林业可与小规模自然保护和景观并从”;德国的“正确林业”,采取与健全的科学知识和经验证明的实践一致的经营方法,同时,保证林地的经济以生态生产率。从而实现物质与非物质机能的永续;加拿大的“模式森林计划”,以森林生态经营思想为基本原则,大力倡导公众参与,积极引入科学技术和生态技术,持证经营,充分实现森林多种价值;修正的热带“近自然森林经营”,要求从整体出发,经营森林生态系统,以保证生态系统的生产率与稳定性;日本的“森林·林业流域管理系统”,则从日本国情出发,把森林作为“绿色和水”的源泉,按照流域来进行经营管理。林业不再只是一个经济部门,二是环境建设的主体,是人类社会将抗和谐发展的基础产业——这已是大家的共识。

3、“现代林业”的定义

国内较早的现代林业定义是:现代林业即在现代科学认识基础上,用现代技术装备武装和现代工艺方法生产以及用现代科学方法管理的,并可持续发展的林业。后来,进一步发展,定义为:现代林业是充分利用现代科学技术和手段,全社会广泛参与保护盒培育森林资源,搞笑发挥森林的多种功能和多重价值,以满足人类日益增长的生态、经济和社会需求的林业。

第一个概念一连使用了四个“现代”,关于“林业”之前就其观点的实质而言,不过是“现代化”“林业”的定义。后一个概念具有较强的可操作性,其实,这个定义的实质并为超越可持续林业的范围。

林学自创立以来,各国对于林学、森林、林业的认识发生了很大变化,在深度和广度上都有了许多新的发展。林学经历了传统林学的各个阶段(聪“大木头”林业到“永续利用”

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