比利时的政治体系 英文

Unit 4 Women in politics
Why more women in politics? Towards a parity democracy Features of the Belgian electoral system Features of an “ideal” electoral system “Safe” seats and “combative” seats Changes in the electoral law Consequences for female representation
Table of contents
Unit 1 Historical overview
- Introduction - The Kingdom of Belgium: short historical overview
Unit 2 Belgium: from a unitarian to a federal state
- The language laws - The state reforms
Unit 3 Belgium after twenty five years of state reforms
- The levels of decision-making powers and their competencies National Regional ProvБайду номын сангаасncial Commmunal - Flanders within federal Belgium
” The Political System in Belgium ”
RoSa Documentation Centre and Archive for Equal Opportunities, Feminism and Women’s Studies
” The political system in Belgium”
Sources
RoSa Documentation Centre
2
” The political system in Belgium”
Introduction
Some elementary knowledge of history is vital to understand which political forces are taking effect today or where the complicated structure of the actual Belgian government comes from. Between the creation of Belgium and the present government structures there was a long growth process. By gaining independence in 1830, Belgium became a unitary state with a simple structure. Now the country is run by various bodies which discharge their allotted duties autonomously. In order to understand why the state reform in Belgium took place the way it did, two historical components are important: • The history of the Belgian language policy and the community discrepancies between the Flemings and the Walloons; The Belgian socio-economical history with the development of the industrial bourgeois society in the Walloon provinces as opposed to Flanders which remained an agrarian society up to the 20th century.
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3
” The political system in Belgium”
Unit 1
Historical overview
Origin
In 1830 Belgium gains independence. A year later, Leopold von SaxenCoburg, a German nobleman, is sworn in as monarch of the Kingdom of Belgium. The new state had almost four million inhabitants. The northern part, Flanders, was inhabited by 2.200.000 Flemings, the southern part, the Walloon provinces, by 1.700.000 Walloons. The economical, political and financial elite, including the Flemish, used French as the official language. Dutch (in fact a motley collection of Flemish dialects) continued to exist as everyday language in Flanders. The Belgian territory is situated on the fault line between the Germanic and the Latin world. It‟s exactly those discrepancies in language and culture between both parts of the country that originated the state reform.