英汉翻译讲义 Unit 5

Unit 5 Amplification in Translation
Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation work on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it appear more like the language translated into
1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）
1. 1 增加动词
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.
1. 2 增加名词
在抽象名词后面增加名词p.44
We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency.
在具体名词后面增加名词
当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文中也常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。

He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。

在形容词前面增加名词
This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine.
在不及物动词后面增加名词
Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
1. 3 增加概括词
They talked about wage, price and inflation.
1. 4 增加副词
The crowds melted away.
1. 5 增加量词
英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。

而汉语往往要加入量词。

1）A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
2) a crescent moon.
1. 6 增加表达复数的词
增加重叠词表示复数
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
rows of houses
增加数词或其它词
The lion is the king of animals.
1.7 增加表达时态的词
强调某种时间概念
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
强调时间上的对比
It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.
2. Syntactical Amplification(从句法结构上考虑的增词)
2. 1 增补原文中省略的动词
Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.
2. 2增补原文比较句中的省略部分
This is true of nations as it is of individuals.
2.3 增补原文回答句中的省略部分
Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is.
2.4 增补表示逻辑关系的词语
The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.
3.Cultural Amplification (从文化上考虑的增词)
3. 1增加比喻的喻意
Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.
3.2增加背景信息
The blond boy quickly crossed himself.
4. Rhetorical Amplification从修辞上考虑
4.1 增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩。

Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke.
4.2 增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing．
Ⅱ. Amplification in C –E Translation
1. Adding Necessary Pronouns
大作收到，十分高兴。

没有调查研究就没有发言权。

2. Adding Necessary Articles
耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。

3. Adding Necessary Connectives
老师在等我，我得走了。

虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

4. Adding Necessary Prepositions
咱们校门口见吧。

该地区已没什么城乡差别
5. Adding Necessary Background Words
三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

别班门弄斧.。