英语构词法——原创,大学英语专业翻译课件

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
前缀法 prefixation， 后缀法suffixation， 转换 conversion， 合成 compounding， 混成法 blending， 截短法 clipping， 首字母缩略法acronymy 反成法 back-formation，
prefixation
2). Adjective suffixes: simple-minded successful childish nameless lady-like friendly classic/cal active washable
3). Adverb suffixes
naturally downward clockwise 4). Verb suffixes originate darken simplify modernize
a white classics finals young marrieds

Partial conversion:
nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with definite articles.
2). Reversative prefixes 逆反前缀 ununwrap (open) dis- disunite (become separate) ununhorse (cause to fall down from a horse)
3). Prefix of degree or size miniminiskirt micro-microwave super-superman extra- extra-strong over- overweight subsubheading under-underdeveloped
3. Conversion: the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

1). Conversion to verbs to cage to bottle to skin to nurse to tutor
Lexicology
Word Formation
Major word formation rules:



Affixation Compounding / composition Conversion Blending Clipping Acronymy Initialism Back-formation
1). Head + tail
autocide motel automobile suicide motor hotel
2). Head + head
sitcom sci-fi situation comedy science fiction medical care telephone quiz
lunar astronaut book automobile
Initialisms 首字母缩略词
acronymy: 首字母拼音法
Acronyms 首字母拼音词
initialisms: are words pronounced letter by letter. 1). Letters represent full words: VOA BBC UFO 2). Letters represent constituents in a compound or just parts of a word TV television ID identity card TB tuberculosis
1. Affixation

suffixation
Prefixation: is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. 1). negative prefixes: aanormal dis- disloyal ininjustice ilillegal irirresistible imimmature non- nonsmoker ununwilling
3). Head + word
medicare telequiz
4). Word+tail
lunarnaut bookmobile
5. Clipping: a word formation that a word is formed by cutting a part off the original.
8). Miscellaneous prefixes: auto- automobile neopanviceneo-Nazi pan-America vice-president

Suffixation: the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. 1). noun suffixes -er -eer -ette -let -age -dom -ery -hood -ing -ism -ship – ant -ee -ent -ity -an -ist -ese teenager engineer hostess kingdom behaviorism adulthood slavery employee
2. Compounding / composition: the formation of new words by joining two or more stems

1). Noun compounds: n.+ n. Moon walk n.+ v. Toothache v.+ n. tell-tale a. + n. deadline hotline n.+v-ing brainwashing N.+v-er stockholder adv.+ v-ing up-bringing
…
2). Adjective compounds n. +v-ing law-abiding a.+ v-ing easy-going a.+ a. Bitter-sweet n+ v-ed custom-built n/a+n-ed lion-hearted short-sighted
3). Verb compounds to nickname to honey moon to lip-read to mass-produce
6). Prefixes of time and order exex-wife foreforetell pre- preview postpostwar rereconsider
7). Number prefixes mono-monorail unibitrisemihemiunicorn bicycle triangle seminaked hemisphere
the poor the young the wounded the poorer the most corrupt
4. Blending: the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
6. acronymy: is the formation of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.
4). Prefixes of attitude:
antiantislavery counter- counter-revolution propro-American 5). Locative prefixes interinternational foreforehead teletelecommunication transtrans-Atlantic

Complete conversion: a noun fully converted from
an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an indefinite article or –s to indicate number.
Acronyms: words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. NATO the North Atlantic Treaty
Organizaiton
UNESCO TOEFL AIDS dink N-bomb nuclear bomb V- Day Victoty Day
7. back-formation逆构词法: is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.
1). Abstract noun donate donation enthuse enthusiasm 2). Human noun loaf loafer beg beggar 3). Compound nouns and others babysit babysitter merrymake merry-making 4). Adjectives laze lazy drowse drowsy
1). Front clipping quake earthquake phone telephone 2). Back clipping Expo exposition dorm dormitory 3). Front and back clipping flu influenza fridge refriderator 4). Phrase clipping pop popular music zoo zoological garden
to dry to narrow

2). Conversion to nouns have a look swim take a walk look make a dash guess offer give a cry laugh
Conversion to noun: (adj.-----n.)