高考英语二轮：语法部分+专题一语法填空+第2讲
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先定填哪类词 → 再定填哪个词 (一) 根据句子本身的含义
考点1 填冠词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __69__ joke.
解析 a joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数， 故其前用a。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The review says it is more effective at lengthening life __65__ walking, cycling or swimming.
解析 than 根据设空前的more 构，故应用than引出比较对象。
effective可知，此处使用了比较级结
(2)设空处所在的句子后面为逗号，逗号后为另一个句子，此时一般为 状语从句。
(3)设空处后面有两个谓语动词，通常后面的那个是主句的谓语，前面 为主语从句；设空处跟在及物动词或介词后面，且后面有谓语动词，通常为 宾语从句；设空处跟在系动词后面(注意系动词不仅仅是指be动词，还包括 感官动词和表示动作保持或变化的动词)，则为表语从句。
解析 from to and from意为“来回”，and为关键提示词。
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时， 其前一般填介词。高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法， 应注意平时多积累。
考点3 填代词 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and ... If you are poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __70__ a try.
The pandas arrived at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding on November 5. Meilun is very lively, often __2__ (jump) onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. Unlike her elder sister, Meihuan is much calmer. She prefers __3__ (sit) still and observe her new environment, occasionally snacking on bamboo.
解析 it 正常语序为 it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式为真 正的主语，it为形式主语。
当句子缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填入代词或名词。高 考侧重对it作形式主语、宾语的考查，近几年对人称代词、不定代词的考查 往往会给提示词的。
(二) 根据上下句的逻辑关系
考点1 填关系词/连接词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __64__ had great experience with caring for these animals.
解析 before/earlier 根据语意和“I'd been at home”的时态可知此处表示 “几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作 arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。
高考语法填空中，有时也需要根据固定搭配或句式以及 逻辑关系来填写适当的语境词，这类知识侧重考生基础知识的积累和对语篇 的理解。考生在平时做题时要多加分析，勤于总结。
解析 who 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先 行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __62__ she opened with her late husband Les.
(4)设空处前面是逗号，这时有三种可能：①如果修饰前面某一个名 词，则为非限制性定语从句；②如果前后句式和意义完整，则用并列连词， 考生可参考我们下面考点2的内容；③如果句子修饰动词或全句，则是状语 从句。
考点2 填并列连词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __67__ because I want to.
解析 it/running 此处号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动，因此可用it代 指running，当然也可直接填running。
2．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __58__ can be to eat out.
解析 who 此处表示“我不知道谁更害怕”，设空处是引导宾语从句 的关系代词，意为“谁”，故填who。
高考一般侧重对定语从句引导词的考查，名词性从句和状 语从句的关联词亦会涉及。另外根据近几年高考语法填空的设空特点，考生 也可用下列方法进行辅助判断：
(1)设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即 表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句，然后再根据这个名词在空后 句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词；如果空后的句子对前面的名词进行补 充说明，即为前面名词的具体内容，则为同位语从句，此时要根据句子意义 去分析用何关联词。也就是说，空前的那个名词如果可以代入空后的句子， 则为定语从句；如果不能则为其他从句。
解析 for search for为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜寻”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they traveled to and __62__ work.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face－to－face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs.
解析 the at the top of one's lungs意为“以某人最大音量”，为固定短 语。
过关检测
(2019·保定高三模拟)Meilun and Meihuan, two Chinese pandas born in the US, have been back in China. However, they have not got rid of their old habits; they still prefer American crackers (饼干) to Chinese bread, and know English __1__ (well) than Chinese.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
解析 a as a result为固定短语意为“结果，因此”。
若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指，或者 有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，则一般填冠词。此外， 还需注意冠词的固定搭配。
解析 and 这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，故应填 and。
3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months.
解析 or a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句为否定句，故 填or。
考点2 填介词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __63__ dogs, seven to be exact.
解析 of a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
解析 unless 汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除 非他想得到他们的支持。由句意可知，此处填unless“除非”，引导条件状 语从句。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __62__， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.
当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短 语或句子时，空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固 定句式去填and, but，or等。
考点3 填从属连词 1．(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
解析 but 根据语意可知此处应表示转折关系，另外not ... but ... “不 是……而是……”，也是固定结构。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especiall百度文库 the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __61__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析 as/when 设空处引导时间状语从句， 意为“ 随着人口的增长/当 人口增长时”，故填as或when。
从属连词是连词的一种，用来引导从句，作为主句的一 部分，修饰主句。确定从属连词的关键是，先判断其前后是不是两个完整的 句子，它们是否都有各自的谓语，然后根据句意确定它们的从属关系判断具 体用哪个词。
(三) 根据句子结构
考点 填其他语境词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining __61__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 解析 so 分析句子结构可知，此处是so ... that ...结构，意为“如 此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。
解析 which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性 定语从句。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure __61__ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
考点1 填冠词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __69__ joke.
解析 a joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数， 故其前用a。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The review says it is more effective at lengthening life __65__ walking, cycling or swimming.
解析 than 根据设空前的more 构，故应用than引出比较对象。
effective可知，此处使用了比较级结
(2)设空处所在的句子后面为逗号，逗号后为另一个句子，此时一般为 状语从句。
(3)设空处后面有两个谓语动词，通常后面的那个是主句的谓语，前面 为主语从句；设空处跟在及物动词或介词后面，且后面有谓语动词，通常为 宾语从句；设空处跟在系动词后面(注意系动词不仅仅是指be动词，还包括 感官动词和表示动作保持或变化的动词)，则为表语从句。
解析 from to and from意为“来回”，and为关键提示词。
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时， 其前一般填介词。高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法， 应注意平时多积累。
考点3 填代词 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and ... If you are poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __70__ a try.
The pandas arrived at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding on November 5. Meilun is very lively, often __2__ (jump) onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. Unlike her elder sister, Meihuan is much calmer. She prefers __3__ (sit) still and observe her new environment, occasionally snacking on bamboo.
解析 it 正常语序为 it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式为真 正的主语，it为形式主语。
当句子缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填入代词或名词。高 考侧重对it作形式主语、宾语的考查，近几年对人称代词、不定代词的考查 往往会给提示词的。
(二) 根据上下句的逻辑关系
考点1 填关系词/连接词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __64__ had great experience with caring for these animals.
解析 before/earlier 根据语意和“I'd been at home”的时态可知此处表示 “几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作 arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。
高考语法填空中，有时也需要根据固定搭配或句式以及 逻辑关系来填写适当的语境词，这类知识侧重考生基础知识的积累和对语篇 的理解。考生在平时做题时要多加分析，勤于总结。
解析 who 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先 行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __62__ she opened with her late husband Les.
(4)设空处前面是逗号，这时有三种可能：①如果修饰前面某一个名 词，则为非限制性定语从句；②如果前后句式和意义完整，则用并列连词， 考生可参考我们下面考点2的内容；③如果句子修饰动词或全句，则是状语 从句。
考点2 填并列连词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __67__ because I want to.
解析 it/running 此处号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动，因此可用it代 指running，当然也可直接填running。
2．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __58__ can be to eat out.
解析 who 此处表示“我不知道谁更害怕”，设空处是引导宾语从句 的关系代词，意为“谁”，故填who。
高考一般侧重对定语从句引导词的考查，名词性从句和状 语从句的关联词亦会涉及。另外根据近几年高考语法填空的设空特点，考生 也可用下列方法进行辅助判断：
(1)设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即 表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句，然后再根据这个名词在空后 句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词；如果空后的句子对前面的名词进行补 充说明，即为前面名词的具体内容，则为同位语从句，此时要根据句子意义 去分析用何关联词。也就是说，空前的那个名词如果可以代入空后的句子， 则为定语从句；如果不能则为其他从句。
解析 for search for为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜寻”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they traveled to and __62__ work.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face－to－face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs.
解析 the at the top of one's lungs意为“以某人最大音量”，为固定短 语。
过关检测
(2019·保定高三模拟)Meilun and Meihuan, two Chinese pandas born in the US, have been back in China. However, they have not got rid of their old habits; they still prefer American crackers (饼干) to Chinese bread, and know English __1__ (well) than Chinese.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
解析 a as a result为固定短语意为“结果，因此”。
若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指，或者 有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，则一般填冠词。此外， 还需注意冠词的固定搭配。
解析 and 这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，故应填 and。
3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months.
解析 or a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句为否定句，故 填or。
考点2 填介词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __63__ dogs, seven to be exact.
解析 of a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
解析 unless 汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除 非他想得到他们的支持。由句意可知，此处填unless“除非”，引导条件状 语从句。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __62__， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.
当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短 语或句子时，空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固 定句式去填and, but，or等。
考点3 填从属连词 1．(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
解析 but 根据语意可知此处应表示转折关系，另外not ... but ... “不 是……而是……”，也是固定结构。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especiall百度文库 the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __61__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析 as/when 设空处引导时间状语从句， 意为“ 随着人口的增长/当 人口增长时”，故填as或when。
从属连词是连词的一种，用来引导从句，作为主句的一 部分，修饰主句。确定从属连词的关键是，先判断其前后是不是两个完整的 句子，它们是否都有各自的谓语，然后根据句意确定它们的从属关系判断具 体用哪个词。
(三) 根据句子结构
考点 填其他语境词 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining __61__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 解析 so 分析句子结构可知，此处是so ... that ...结构，意为“如 此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。
解析 which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性 定语从句。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure __61__ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.