车流量检测系统设计

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) 车流量自动检测系统设计

作者姓名：张伯梅

专业名称：电气工程及其自动化

指导教师：雷永锋

摘要

随着现代经济的高速发展，交通运输的保障就显得尤其重要,对交通管理的要求也越来越高，将计算机科学与通信等高新技术运用于交通监控管理与车辆控制，以保障交通顺畅及行车安全，从而改善环境质量，促进经济发展的智能交通系统ITS(Intelligent traffic system, ITS)也随之应运而生。而实时获取交通车流量的车辆检测技术是ITS 的基础。

本文设计了一种基于ATmeagal6L单片机的车流量检测系统。其中主要是将红外传感器测得的电平信号传递到单片机中，通过单片机判断处理、计数等功能实现车流量的检测。该系统可以实现单位时间内的计量，这对于城市交通管理具有一定的帮助作用。

关键词：车流量检测红外线传感器算法

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern economy, transport, protection is particularly important on the traffic management requirements have become more sophisticated, computer science and communications, and other high-tech application of traffic control and vehicle monitoring and management in order to safeguard the smooth flow of traffic and traffic safety, thereby improving the quality of the environment, promote economic development in Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS (Intelligent traffic system, ITS) also came into being. Real-time access to traffic flow and vehicle detection technology is the basis of ITS.

In this paper, the design of a flow-based SCM ATmeagal6L detection system. Which is measured by infrared sensor-level signal transmission to the single-chip, the judge dealt with the adoption of single-chip, traffic counts and other functions to achieve the detection. The system can be achieved per unit time of measurement, which is the management of urban transport has a role to help.

Keywords：Traffic flow magnitude, Infrared matrix, examination Intelligence，Algorithm

目录

摘要................................................................................................................ I Abstract ......................................................................................................... II 目录.............................................................................................................. I II 前言........................................................................................................... - 1 - 1 车流量检测系统的概述....................................................................... - 3 -

1.1课题研究现状.............................................................................. - 3 -

1.2研究的目的.................................................................................. - 4 -

1.3传统的车流量检测技术.............................................................. - 5 -

1.3.1 基于超声波的检测系统................................................... - 5 -

1.3.2 基于视频图象的检测系统............................................... - 5 -

1.3.3 声学检测........................................................................... - 5 -

1.3.4 磁力计检测....................................................................... - 6 -

1.3.5 激光雷达检测方法........................................................... - 6 - 2系统的工作原理.................................................................................... - 7 -

2.1车流量检测系统的工作原理...................................................... - 7 -

2.2 系统需求分析............................................................................. - 7 -

2.3 系统总体模块设计..................................................................... - 7 -

3 系统硬件设计....................................................................................... - 9 -

3.1单片机技术.................................................................................. - 9 -

3.1.1单片机简介........................................................................ - 9 -

3.1.2 ATmega16L单片机......................................................... - 10 -

3.2 传感器简介............................................................................... - 11 -

3.2.1 传感器的基础知识......................................................... - 11 -

3.2.2 红外线传感器................................................................. - 12 -

3.3系统总体设计............................................................................ - 15 -

3.3.1 系统总体功能模块................................................................ - 15 -

3.3.2系统总体电路图..................................................................... - 17 -

4 系统的软件设计................................................................................. - 18 -

4.1 识别算法的设计过程............................................................... - 18 -

4.2 系统设计流程图....................................................................... - 19 -

4.3系统软件设计子程序................................................................ - 23 -

4.3.1 报警子程序..................................................................... - 23 -