法律常用术语分类中英对照

法律常用术语

【（一）、法令】

◆rule 条例

◆law 法律

◆criminal law 刑法

◆interpret 解释（法律）

◆the legislature 立法机构

◆the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】

◆the judge 法官

◆the lawyer律师（总称）

◆the jury陪审团

◆the juror陪审团成员

◆the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；

◆the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人

◆the injured party/victim 被害人

◆witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者

◆the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师

◆the accused/defendant 被告人

◆the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师

【（三）、违法】

【案件种类】

◆case 案件

◆crime - criminal adj.

◆a criminal case 刑事案件

◆a civil case 民事案件

【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】

◆guilt n. [Antonym] innocence

guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent

guilty of a crime/charge

innocent of a crime/charge

commit a crime

violate a criminal law

◆murder 谋杀罪

first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪

manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪

◆forgery 伪造罪

sexual harassment 性骚扰

malfeasance 渎职罪

◆criminal: n. 罪犯

a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law

a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes

◆stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺

to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body

stab someone to death 刺死

flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀

◆mug v. =rob抢劫

to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions

【（四）、程序】

【逮捕】

◆arrest

◆pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car

【调查】

◆investigation

conduct a criminal investigation into

◆criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court

of law

◆cross-examination

【诉讼】

◆find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that

they are guilty/not guilty

◆to be charged with/to be accused of

to accuse sb. of certain crime

◆charge v.

to charge sb. with certain crime

be charged with (doing) sth

e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.

◆prosecute -prosecution n.

to prosecute sb. for sth.

face prosecution over

to bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼

escape prosecution

◆criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused

by the police of committing a crime

◆claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】

◆a criminal court 刑事法庭,

e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.

◆a civil court 民事法庭

◆children’s court 少年法庭

◆The Supreme Court 最高法院

【监督】

◆supervise监督

【作证】

◆to testify v.作证