2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第二部分第二讲主谓一致学案(含解析)北师大版

第二讲主谓一致

[全析考法]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.

解析：is 根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly，是第三人称单数，故填is。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

解析：is 本句中的主语是fast food，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.

解析：is 主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.________________

解析：include→includes 分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰place，关系代词替代place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式。

2．(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.________________

解析：was→were 从句中的主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were。

3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends ... My dream school look like a big garden.________________

解析：look→looks 最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。

4．(2014·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.________________

解析：have→has 句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。

5．(2014·陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky —they looked like rain！________________

解析：was→were 句中主语是“the arrows”，为复数形式，故be动词应该用were。

[谨记规则]

(一)并列主语的主谓一致

1．当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and, both ...and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand等。

Both tea and coffee are my favorites.

The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people.

2．由each, every, no修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

No sound and (no) voice has been heard for a long time.

Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.

3．由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。

Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.

4．there be, here be后接几个并列名词时，谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则。

There is an orange and four bananas left.

(二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致

1．“分数＋of/百分数＋of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of 后名词的数。但quantities of ...作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

About one third of the books are worth reading.

A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.

＝Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.

2．“a great deal of/a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但large amounts of ...作主语，谓语动词用复数。