英语语言学大全优秀课件

LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1. design feature of language（语言的定义特征) defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1) Descriptive （描述性） vs. Prescriptive （规定性） Descriptive: describing how things are. prescriptive: prescribing how things ought to be
4）Displacement（替代性）:
定义：Human languages enable their users to symbolize something which are not present at the moment of communication.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
1）Arbitrariness(任意 性):
定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2）Duality（二层性）: 定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the
如何记忆: 五性，创意遗传
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
4. Important Distinctions in Linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 1) descriptive & prescriptive 2) synchronic & diachronic 3) langue & parole 4) competence & performance
5） Cultural Transmission（文化传 递性）:
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
反例：印度狼孩
1)Arbitrariness（任意性） 2)Duality(二层性) 3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性) 4)Displacement（移位性） 5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
3). langue（语言） & parole （言语）
Theorist：Saussure （索绪尔）, father of modern linguistics
langue: abstract linguistic system
举例： Don't say X. People don't say X. The first is a prescriptive command, while the second is a descriptive
statement.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2). Synchronic（共时性） vs. Diachronic （历时性） synchronic: takes a fixed instant as its point of observation. diachronic: the study of a language through the course of its history.
primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level. 举例： Sounds > syllables > words > phrases > clauses > sentences>
texts/discourses
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
举例： 研究1800年的英语发音 Synchronic studies (共时性研究)
研究1800-1900的法语语法变化 Diachronic studies (历时研究)
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Important Distinctions in
Linguistics
英语语言学大全优秀课件
I 语言学导论 II 语言学主要分支学科 III 语言学的流派和理论
1. design feature of language （语言的定义特征）
2. Language Families (世界语言分类) 3. important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 4. scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
3） Creativity/Productivity（创造性）: 定义：Language can be used to create new meanings because of its duality
举例1：/k/ ,/a:/, /p/---- carp or park 举例2：England, defeated, France England defeated France. France defeated England.