直流电动机的转速调节器和电流调节器设计毕业设计

摘要

转速、电流双闭环控制的直流调速系统是性能很好的直流调速系统，更是一种当前应用广泛、经济、适用的电力传动系统，它具有调速范围广、精度高、动态性能好和易于控制等优点，是各种交、直流电力拖动自动控制系统的重要基础，所以在电力传动系统中得到了广泛的应用。基于设计题目，直流电动机调速控制器选用了转速、电流双闭环调速控制电路，调速系统的主电路采用了三相全控桥整流电路来供电。本论文首先确定整个设计的方案和框图；然后确定主电路的参数以及框图中所需的电动机参数；本论文的重点设计是直流电动机的转速调节器和电流调节器的设计，分别调节转速和电流，即分别引入转速负反馈和电流负反馈，在直流调速系统起动过程中只有电流负反馈，达到稳态转速后，只要转速负反馈，二者之间实行串级联接。从闭环结构上看，电流环在里面，称作内环；转速环在外边，称做外环。这就形成了转速、电流双闭环调速系统。转速和电流两个调节器都采用PI调节器，这样构成的双闭环直流调速系统就能获得良好的静、动态性能。最后采用MATLAB/SIMULINK对整个调速系统进行了仿真分析，使其满足工程设计参数指标。关键词：电力传动；双闭环；直流调速系统；电流调节器；转速调节器

Abstract

Speed, current double closed loop control of DC speed regulation system is a very good performance of the DC motor speed control system, is also a kind of wide applications, economic, applicable to electric drive system, it has a wide speed range, high precision, good dynamic performance and easy to control, is all kinds of AC, DC electric drive automatic control system important basis, so in electric drive automatic control system has been widely used. Based on the design of the subject, the DC motor speed controller, the speed, current double closed loop speed control circuit, control system's main circuit adopts a three-phase full-bridge controlled rectifier circuit to supply power. This paper firstly determine the whole design scheme and block diagram; then to determine the parameters of the main circuit and the block diagram of the desired motor parameters; the focus of this paper is the design of DC motor speed regulator and current regulator design, respectively, to adjust the speed and current, which are respectively introduced into the speed negative feedback and current negative feedback, in DC control system start process only the current negative feedback, to achieve steady speed, as long as the speed negative feedback, two between implementation of cascade connection. From the closed loop structure, the current loop on the inside, known as the inner ring; the speed loop outside, called outer ring. This form of speed, current double closed loop speed regulation system. Speed and two current regulators have adopted PI regulator, the DC double loop speed control system can obtain good static, dynamic performance. Finally using the MATLAB / SIMULINK on the speed regulation system simulation and analysis are carried out, in order to meet the engineering design parameters.

Key words:power transmission；double closed loop；DC speed control system；current regulator；speed regulator

目录

摘要.................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract........................................................................................................................................ II 目录............................................................................................................................................... I II 第1章绪论.......................................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.1 课题的背景、目的及意义......................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2 课题研究的现状和发展趋势..................................................................................... - 1 -

1.3 本课题采用的技术方案及技术难点......................................................................... - 2 -

1.4 本设计的主要研究内容............................................................................................. - 3 -

1.4.1 建立系统的数学模型...................................................................................... - 3 -

1.4.2 经典控制部分.................................................................................................. - 3 -

1.4.3仿真部分........................................................................................................... - 3 - 第2章双闭环调速系统的工作原理及数学模型.............................................................. - 4 -

2.1 系统的参数测定......................................................................................................... - 4 -

2.2 双闭环调速系统的工作原理..................................................................................... - 6 -

2.2.1 转速控制的要求和调速指标.......................................................................... - 6 -

2.2.2 调速系统的两个基本矛盾.............................................................................. - 7 -

2.2.3 调速系统的双闭环调节原理.......................................................................... - 8 -

2.2.4 双闭环调速系统的起动过程分析.................................................................. - 9 -

2.2.5动态性能和转速、电流两个调节器的作用................................................. - 11 -

2.3晶闸管—电动机主电路的设计................................................................................ - 12 -

2.4 主电路参数计算....................................................................................................... - 13 -

2.5 主电路的过电压和过电流保护............................................................................... - 14 -

2.5.1 过电压保护.................................................................................................... - 14 -

2.5.2 过电流保护.................................................................................................... - 14 - 第3章按工程设计方法设计双闭环调速系统的电流调节器和转速调节器.................. - 15 -

3.1设计要求.................................................................................................................... - 15 -

3.1.1基本数据（其中包括铭牌数据和测试数据）............................................. - 15 -

3.1.2 设计指标........................................................................................................ - 16 -