学生作业：2020高考英语：谓语动词

第六讲谓语动词

语法项目(一)谓语动词的时态

动词的时态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案。解答时一定要注意句中的时间状语，并列谓语动词及隐含的语境，从而找到解题的突破口，同时要考虑动词过去式和完成式适当形式的变化。

如何确定填谓语动词

[思考趋向]

若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语。一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。

[典例感悟]

[典例1](2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China，Mr.Smith________ (fall) in love with the people and culture there.

[典例2](2018·江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other，for we ________(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.

[典例3](2017·北京卷)People ________ (have) better access to health care than they used to，and they're living longer as a result.

[典例4](2017·天津卷)I ________ (drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

谓语动词的时态之解题技法

慧眼识标志词

[实例体验]

1．(2018·北京卷)China's high-speed railways ________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.

2．(2017·北京卷)—________ (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?

—Yes.They are happy with it.

3．(福建卷)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school________ (come) first.

5．(2019·重庆第一次调研)Now，I'd like to share what I ________ (learn) through Tra v elling Guide a few weeks ago.

6．(2019·合肥第一次质量检测)Since Zhangjiajie ________ (improve) its transportation and service for long，the city now can receive 36,200 tourists per day.

[重点强化]

有些题目本身就带有明确的时间状语，要学会利用这些时间状语来解题。

1．看到always，every time，now and them，often，seldom，sometimes，usually 等表示频率的时间状语，要想到用一般现在时；

2．看到yesterday，last week，two days ago，the other day，in 1998，just now，once upon a time等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；

3．看到tomorrow，next year，in a week等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时；

4．看到the next day/morning，the next/following week/month/year等时间状语，要想到用过去将来时；

5．看到all the time，now，at 4 o'clock，at this moment，at present等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时；

6．看到at that time，at this time yesterday，at five yesterday，the whole morning等时间状语，要想到用过去进行时；

7．看到at this time tomorrow，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow 等时间状语，要想到用将来进行时；

8．看到since，recently，lately，already，in/for/during the last/past few years，so far，up to now，during the past/last＋时间段等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时；

Progress has been very good so far and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。

9．看到by that time，by the end of＋过去时间，before 2000，by the time＋一般过去时的从句，要想到用过去完成时；

10．看到by the time＋一般现在时的从句，by the end of＋将来时间的名词，by＋将来时间名词等时间状语，要想到用将来完成时。

瞻前顾后找并列

[实例体验]

1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband ________ (search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing。

2．(重庆卷)I felt very tired when I got home，and I ________ (go) straight to bed.

3．(2019·福州四校联考)It always ________ (lift) my spirits，but now I know that it's because it is an act of gratitude(感激) to the musicians and the music.

4．(2019·石家庄检测)My purchase cost 6 yuan and ________ (take) just a few seconds. At a nearby coffee shop，its owner scanned a QR code on my phone.

5．(2019·浙江湖州期末考试)One day，when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he ________(bathe) inside，the volcano erupted unexpectedly.

6．(2019·聊城检测)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also __

[重点强化]

并列连词and，but，or，as well as，or else，both...and..，neither...nor...，either...or...，not only...but (also)．..，rather than等以及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系，决定着所选动词的时态。

主从时态须呼应

[实例体验]

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling，or swimming.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers ________ (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.

3．(2017·江苏卷)He's been informed that he ________ (do) not qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.

4．(北京卷)Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.

5．(安徽卷)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________ (leave)my book in the cafe.

6．(重庆卷)James has just arrived，but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.

7．(2019·泰安检测)Mr. White ________ (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.

[重点强化]

解决从句涉及的时态题时，要通过考虑主句和从句的关系和动作发生的时间等确定时态。

细心体会辨语境

[实例体验]

1．(2018·北京)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

3．(北京卷)—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.

4．(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?

—Not really.She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

5．(北京卷)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

—All right.I ________ (call) him later.

6．(重庆卷)—Is Peter coming?

—No，he ________ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

[重点强化]

高考对时态的考查更注重对语法知识的具体运用，即将语法知识置于一定的语境中，要求考生在实际语言环境中填写正确答案。考生做题时要树立全局观念，根据提供的语境，挖掘题中隐含的信息，从而找到解题的突破口。

固定句式要牢记

[实例体验]

1．(2017·天津卷)I ________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

2．(2020·沈阳监测)This was the first time I ________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.

3．(2020·梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.”

4．(2019·河北邯郸一模)It has been a long time since we ________ (meet)in China last time.

5．(2019·济宁模拟)Hardly had I got home when the rain ________ (pour) down.

[重点强化]

1．看到no sooner...than...或hardly...when...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.

演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。

2．看到并列连词when，要想到was/were doing sth.when...；be about to do sth.when...等句式。

One day，I was about to do some shopping when he telephoned me.

一天，我正要去购物这时他给我打电话了。

3．看到It/This/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。

This is the third time that you have been late this month.

这是本月你第三次迟到。

4．看到It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。

That was the first time that I had gone abroad.

那是我第一次出国。

5．在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。

I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework.

我一完成作业就去电影院了。

6．在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

自从他来到我们学校，他学习就一直非常努力。

7．看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。

Keep on trying and you will succeed.

继续尝试，你会成功的。

谓语动词的语态已成为语法填空的必考内容之一。高考语法填空对语态的考查主要集中在一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的考查，因此，结合语境理清时态，确定主谓关系是解决动词语态的关键。

如何确定所填谓语动词的语态

[思考趋向]

先判定句子是否缺少谓语，然后判断主语和谓语是构成主谓关系还是被动关系，如果确定是被动关系，则确定是考查谓语动词的语态。

[典例感悟]

[典例1](2018·浙江卷6月)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.

[典例2](2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.

[典例3](2018·天津卷)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

[典例4](2017·天津卷)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，________ (regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

理清主谓关系，主谓动宾要分明

[实例体验]

1．(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.

2．(2017·北京卷)In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones ________ (invent) yet.

3．(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow)．4．(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.

5．(天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.

6．(北京卷)—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes.We ________ (treat) well by our hosts.

7．(全国卷Ⅰ)Unless some extra money ________ (find)，the theatre will close.

[重点强化]

有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式，理清主谓/动宾关系是解决语态问题的关键。

1．被动语态在各种时态中的运用

To my delight，I 使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中当选。

2．只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语有last，cost，spread，happen (to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run out，work out。

3．系动词不能用被动语态

这类词如look，seem，feel，taste，sound，smell，prove，appear等。

Your reason sounds reasonable.

你的理由听起来很合理。

[小题夯基练]

单句语法填空

1．He ________ (learn) more than 6,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 17.

2．—Have you seen my e-mail about our TESL project?

—Yes.Luckily I checked my e-mails yesterday.Normally I ________ (not open)my e-mail box for days.

3．Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ (belong) to the well-educated.

4．It is the first time that he ________ (leave) his native land.

5．I'm tired out.I ________ (shop) all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

6．This morning，the computer crashed while I ________ (sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites.

7．After being lost in a storm，a member of the navvy team ________ (rescue)two days later.

8．I haven't visited him since I ________ (come) here.

9．—Hello，I ________(phone) to ask if I can book two tickets for tonight's film.

—Sorry，we've already sold out.

10．He said that he ________ (not go) with us if he ________ (be) too busy.

[大题提能练]

语法填空——谓语动词的时态与语态专练

When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once 1.________ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.

“Wouldn't it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？”he asked.

“I suppose it would，”said his mother，without paying him any attention.

Christopher 2.________ (know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help her.

Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3.________ (buy) him as a gift.“I 4.________ (make) better use of it，”little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother

5.________ (not，use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job

6.________ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother

7.________ (like) it.

“Very clever，”his mother said，when she 8.________ (see) it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 9.________ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained.

This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries to improve anything 10. ________ (have) to learn：Many people don't like new ideas.