组织学与胚胎学内分泌系统

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调节生长发育和各种代谢 控制生殖
影响免疫功能和行为
(2) General structure of endocrine glands
a. Capsule:CT
b. parenchyma: endocrine cells arranged
into nest, cord, cluster or follicle,secrete hormones
oxyphil cells(嗜酸性细胞)
chief cells(主细胞)
主细胞(chief cell)
HE染色胞质着色浅。 分泌颗粒:甲状旁腺激素 1. 作 用 于 骨 细 胞 和 破 骨 细 胞,使骨盐溶解 2.促进肠和肾小管吸收钙
血钙升高
嗜酸性细胞(oxyphil cell)
功能不清。
甲状旁腺激素分泌不足
素), which lowers blood calcium level.
Thyroid blood vessel (SEM)
the dense network of capillaries arround each follicle is clearly shown
3.Parathyroid 甲状旁腺
by an isthmus(峡部) .
来自胚胎甲状舌管,在 第11w时,开始分泌甲 状腺素。
甲状腺 (thyroid gland)
被膜 capsule:L.C.T 实质: 滤泡(follicle)
滤泡旁细胞 (follicular cell) 间质interstitium: fenestreted capillaries,CT
血钙下降
神经肌肉应激性增强
4. Adrenal gland(肾上腺)
(1)肾上腺的结构
粗面内质网
高尔基复合体 碘化 溶酶体
氨基酸
甲状腺球蛋白前体
素(T3,T4)
分泌颗粒
胶质
甲状腺
Physiological effects of T3 and T4
stimulate the basal rate of metabolism(新陈代谢).
influence body growth and the excitability(兴奋)of nervous system.
Secretion of T4 and T3 is under the control of TSH secreted by the anterior hypophysis (垂体前叶).
甲亢
Medical Application
Thyroid Disorders
A diet low in iodine hinders the synthesis of thyroid hormones,causing hypothyroidism(甲状腺功能减 退).Thyroid hypertrophy (肥大)as a result of increased thyrotropin(促甲状腺激素) secretion causes the disorder known as iodine deficiency goiter(甲状腺肿). Children who are hypothyroid are called cretins(呆小症); cretinism is characterized by arrested physical and mental development.
Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进, which due to an immunologic dysfunction, Patients with Graves格雷夫斯 病 disease exhibit decreased body weight, nervousness, eye protrusion, asthenia, and accelerated heart rate.
Target organs or target cells
c. interstitiFra Baidu bibliotekm: CT, rich in capillaries
they lack excretory ducts.
(3)内分泌细胞的分类
含氮激素分泌细胞
类固醇激素分泌细胞
代 表 甲状腺、甲状旁腺、 性腺、肾上腺皮质
垂体远侧部、APUD细
Parafollicular cells(滤泡旁细胞):
located between the follicular cells and basal bamina;
pale-staining and rounded or polygonal in shape; responsible for the production of calcitonin(降钙
(1)概述
内分泌系统的组成
内分泌腺
内分泌细胞
▪甲状腺 ▪甲状旁腺 ▪肾上腺 ▪垂 体 •松果体
具有内分泌功 能 的神经元DNES
消化道、呼吸道内 分散的内分泌细胞 APUD-Cell
图11-1 人体主要内分泌腺解剖学位置示意图
内分泌系统的功能
是机体的重要调节系统, 与神经系统相辅相成。
维持内环境稳定

细胞器
粗面内质网、 高尔基复合体
滑面内质网、管状嵴 线粒体和脂滴多 和膜包分泌颗粒多
分泌含氮激 素细胞 RER、Golgi、 secretory granules
分泌类固醇激 素细胞
SER、mit、 lipid droplet、 raw materials
2. Thyroid(甲状腺)
located in the anterior part of the neck ,immediately below the larynx (喉) . consists of two lateral lobes (侧叶)connected
Follicular epithelial cells:
squamous(扁平) to low columnar(矮柱状) in shape, depending on the state of their activity; 具有双向分泌功能;
synthesize and secrete the hormones thyroxine (T3, T4) ;
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