我国肥料资源利用现状与存在问题

摘要

随着世界和中国人口在逐渐增加，耕地由于非农业项目占用而逐渐下降，单位面积耕地的负载压力越来越大，使农业生产面临严峻挑战。为了解决粮食安全问题，中国绝大部分耕地已经用于产量较高和需肥量较大的粮食作物。而中国人多地少的基本国情没有变、长期养分投入低于产出，导致土壤养分耗竭的特点决定了必须不断增加化肥的投入，丰富农业生产过程中物质和能量循环的内容，提高单位面积产量，提高耕地产出率，因此在今后相当长时期内，施肥仍将是农业持续发展的重要措施之一。

目前中国的农业生产科学施肥水平整体还不高，部分地区仍然存在盲目施肥现象，肥料资源浪费严重，农业生产成本增加，效益降低，导致农产品品质下降，污染生态环境，加速土壤质量衰退，直接影响粮食持续增产、农业提质增效、农民节本增收和农产品质量安全。因此，加快建立具有中国特色的农业生产科学施肥体系，提高肥料资源的利用率，是中国农业可持续发展的关键举措之一，也是构建节约型社会的具体现。

关键词:化肥农业生产合理应用

Abstract

With the world and China population in increasing gradually, cultivated land occupied due to non-agricultural project and gradually declined, unit area of cultivated land under increasing pressure load to agricultural production is facing serious challenges. In order to solve

grain safety issues, China's most farmland has been used in high yield and need to FeiLiang larger food crops. But Chinese much less haven't changed, the basic conditions of long-term nutrient input below, lead to soil nutrient depletion output determines the characteristics of chemical fertilizer inputs must be continuously increase agricultural production process, enrich the content of the material and energy circulation, improve the yield per unit of area, improve cultivated land output, so in future a quite long period of time, fertilization will still be agricultural sustainable development is one of the important measures. The present China's agricultural production and scientific fertilization level is not high, the whole parts remain blind fertilization phenomenon, fertilizer waste of resources is serious, the agricultural production costs, the benefit is reduced, cause agricultural ecological environment quality decline accelerated, pollution, soil quality recession, directly affecting grain yield, agricultural mention mass continued efficiency, farmers quality and safety of agricultural products and income and reduce cost. Therefore, speed up with Chinese characteristic agricultural production, improve fertilizer scientific fertilization system, the utilization rate of China's agricultural sustainable development is one of the key measures of constructing economical society concrete presently

Keywords: Fertilizer Agricultural production Reasonable application

目录

摘要 (1)

前言 (4)

1、化肥的定义 (4)

2、常用化肥类别及种类 (4)

2.1氮肥 (4)

2.2磷肥 (4)

2.3钾肥 (4)

2.4复合肥料 (4)

2.5微量元素肥料 (5)

3、肥料在农业发展中的影响和重要地位 (5)

3.1增加作物产量 (5)

3.2提高土壤肥力 (5)

3.3增加有机肥量 (6)

4、我国肥料资源利用现状与存在问题 (6)

4.1化肥总量不足品种结构不合理 (6)

4.2有机肥利用低未实现平衡施肥 (6)

4.3新型肥料研发进展缓慢科技含量不高 (7)

4.4土壤肥料基础研究薄弱施肥的盲目性大 (7)

4.5科学施肥知识普及不足对肥料的认识上存在诸多误区 (7)

5、化肥污染引起的问题 (7)

5.1水体富营养化土壤物理性质恶化 (7)

5.2水体农产品质量下降危害人体健康 (8)

6、提高肥料资源利用率的对策建议 (8)

6.1推广测土配方施肥技术增施有机肥 (8)

6.2加快新型缓／控释肥料研制与示范推广 (9)

6.3推广减少环境污染的合理施肥技术和措施 (9)

6.4建立土壤肥料和农田养分信息化体系 (9)

参考文献 (10)

致谢 (11)

前言

本文大概讲述了化肥的定义、常用化肥类别及分类、肥料在农业发展中的影响和重要地位、我国肥料资源利用现状与存在问题、化肥污染引起的环境问题、提高肥料资源利用率的对策建议几方面简单阐述了化肥给农业生产中带来的危

害和影响、简单提出化肥在农业生产中合理应用的方法、达到减少农业生产的投入、减少化肥的使用量、增加粮食产量的目的。

1、化肥的定义

中文名称：【huà féi】