土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语
第一篇：土木工程专业英语
水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 沥青 bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力 force
位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement
钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point
横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error
预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation
在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a compressive stress, which is the tensile stress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。In many cases, civil
engineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other projects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and computer applications in civil engineering is importance.钢材和
混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basic
materials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of concrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。They are mainly used for large dams;dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening release.They are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat release.水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement 桁架truss 沥青bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩 pile刚性 rigid隧道 tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力force
位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement
钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point
横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error
预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation
在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。These two
kinds of stress, the former is a compressive stress, which is the tensile stress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。In many cases, civil
engineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other projects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and computer applications in civil engineering is importance.钢材和混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basic
materials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of concrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。They are mainly used for large dams;dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening release.They are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat release.水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement 桁架truss 沥青bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩 pile刚性 rigid隧道 tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力force
位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement
钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point
横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error
预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation
在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a compressive stress, which is the tensile stress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。In many cases, civil
engineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other projects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and computer applications in civil engineering is importance.钢材和混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basic
materials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of concrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。They are mainly used for large dams;dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening release.They are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat release.
第二篇：土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语
土木工程civil engineering
钢结构steel struture
钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete structure
钢结构设计规范Code for design of steel structure reinforced
concrete beds钢筋混凝土地基 reinforced concrete footing 钢筋混凝土基脚reinforced concrete canopy 钢筋混凝土顶盖reinforced concrete foundation 钢筋混凝土基础 reinforced concrete pile钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete plate钢筋混凝土板
reinforced concrete T beam 钢筋混凝土T形梁 reinforcement 加强加固
reinforcing rib 加紧肋
reinforcing mesh 钢筋网
reinforcing rod钢筋, 钢筋条
reinforcing agent 增强剂
reinforcing bars 配筋
梁beam/girder
柱column
吊杆post
框架frame
初步设计preliminary design
强度strength
承载能力load-carrying capacity
脆断brittle fracture
强度标准值characteristic value of strength 强度设计值design value of strength
一阶弹性分析 first order elastic analysis
二阶弹性分析 second order elastic analysis 屈曲buckling
腹板屈曲后强度 post-buckling strength of web plate
第三篇：土木工程专业英语学习心得
土木工程专业英语学习心得
专业英语是在大学基础英语之后结合专业知识进一步提高学生英语水平而设置的一门主干课程，是大学英语和研究生英语教学中一个重要的环节。当前，科学技术发展迅速，科技信息发达，能够直接及时地获取专业信息、掌握专业发展动态是工程技术人员和科研人员需
要具备的基本能力，进行各种涉外合作和学术交流都要求专业人员熟练掌握专业英语。因此，培养阅读理解和翻译英文专业文献的能力，培养专业英语的写作能力和一定的语言交际能力都是非常重要的。1 专业词汇的学习
1.1 通过构词法学习专业词汇
从构词法的角度来解析土木工程专业词汇的来龙去脉，便于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。1.2 通过具体语言环境学习专业词汇
简单重复记忆某个专业词汇是一种方法，但显得枯燥，记忆效果往往不佳，容易忘记。如果把专业词汇融入具体的语言环境中，词汇的记忆一般长久牢固，不容易忘记。实现这种方法的途径就是大量阅读专业英语材料。1.3 通过写作学习词汇
在拥有一定的词汇量以后，写作表达或口语表达都能促进词汇的学习。2 翻译技能的学习
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
2.1 掌握翻译的基本理论知识
翻译是一门学科，经过千百年来翻译家的共同努力，已经在语言学、文学、文化、心理学、人类学、哲学和教育学等学科的基础上初步建立了一套理论体系，并在具体实践中总结出了一套行之有效的跨文化和语言转换模式。2.2 掌握专业英语的常用句式结构
科技文章的特点是严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，它有常用的句式结构。
2.3 进行翻译实践练习
翻译是一项创造性的语言活动，具有很强的实践性。2.4 通过阅读提高翻译能力
阅读和翻译能力的提高是互相促进的，读得越多掌握的专业词汇与专业知识就越多，有助于翻译能力的提高。口语表达能力的提高专业英语口语表达与日常英语口语表达不同的地方就是其具有专业性，可以通过以下方法循序渐进练习。
3.1 大声朗读专业英语材料
大声反复地朗读专业英语材料，锻炼英语的发音，语调与节奏，培养语感，使口腔各发音部位灵活，提高口语表达能力，并增加对专业词汇的熟悉程度。3.2 设立场景进行实际训练
3~5 人组成一组，设立实际场景扮演不同的角色进行练习。3.3 多参加以英语为媒介的专题讲座
在学校或涉外工作中，经常有以英语为媒介的幻灯片讲座，多参加并积极询问，增加和外国人面对面交流的机会，也就是多增加应用专业英语的机会，这样可以促进专业英语的口语表达能力的提高。
第四篇：土木工程专业英语1
Plumbing
In general,plumbing refers to the system of pipes,fixtures,and other apparatus used inside a building for supplying water and removing liquid and waterborne wasters.In pratice,the term includes storm water or roof drainage and exterior system components connecting to a source such as a public water system or a point of disposal such as public sewer system or a domestic septic tank or cesspool.The purpose of plumbing systems is,basically,ti bring into,and distribute within,a building a suplly of safe water to be used for drinking purposes and to collect and dispose of polluted and contaminated wastewater from the various receptacles on the premises without hazard to the health of occupants.Codes, regulations,and trade pratices are designed to keep the water system separated from drainage systems;to prevent the introduction of harmful material such as chemicals, micro-organisms, and dirt;and to the keep the water system safe under all operating conditions.These protective codes also are designed to prevent flooding of drainage lines,provide venting of dangerous gases, and eliminate opportunities for backflow of dangerous waste water into the water system.It is essential that disease-producing organisms
and harmful chemicals be confined to the drainage system.Since the time of Moses man has been cautioned to dispose of his wastes safely, and cleanliness has been related to the availability ot water and associated with social coustom.Early man often lived near a water source that served as his water supply and drainage system in one.It was also his https://www.360docs.net/doc/db19205016.html,trine-like receptacles with crude drains have been found in excavations in the Orkney Islands of Neolithic stone huts at least 10,000 years old.Both a water system and piping used as drainage fashioned of terra-cotta pipe were part of the royal palace of Minos in Crete, about 2000BC.The palace also had a latrine with water-flushing reservoir and drainage.Nothing comparable to it was developed in Europe until the 18th century.Even the equipment of the modern bathroom, though much improved with hot and cold water under pressure and less crude provisions for drainage, is in concept little different from the Minoan version.It was out until the end of the 19th century that advance in plumbing practice were given serious attention as an integral part of housing.A building plumbing system includes two components, the piping that brings potable water into the building and distributes it to all fixtures and water outlets and the piping that collects the water after use and drains it to a point of safe disposal.Water systems.When a building is served by a public water system, the plumbing begins at the service connections required to make water available at outlets serving the fixtures or equipment within the building.Many premises in rural areas are not served by public water supply.These may include private dwellings, apartment houses, hotels, commercial centres, hospitals, institutions, factories, roadside stands, and restaurants.Public water supplies have surface water or groundwater as their
https://www.360docs.net/doc/db19205016.html,rge water system are almost entirely supplied with surface water.In smaller communities and in certain areas groundwater is obtained from wells or springs.Independent semipublic, industrial, and private-premise water systems frequently take water from wells on the premise but may, under certain condtions draw water from a spring, lake, or stream.Public water systems supply treated water meeting public water-supply drinking-water
standards.Private-premise systems are expected to provide water of equal quality, and to do so the private system requires a water-treatment plant including chlorination as a minimun and possibly sedimentation(settling out of solid particles)chemical treatment, primarily for softening, and filtration.Water is supplied to fixtures and outlets under pressure provided by pumps or elevated storage tanks or both.In some installations a pump controlled by a pressure-activated switch on a pressurized storage tank takes water from a well and pumps until the upper limit ot pressure for the system has been reached.If water is being used at the rate it is being pumped., the pump operates continuously.Elevated storage tanks are usually equipped with high-and low-level-float control switches to activate the pump.When the tank gets loe the pump starts and continues pumping until the tank is full.A storage tank may be constructed as illustrated in Fig.1, or it may be located on the roof of a high building.Water from the tank feeds the distribution system by gravity.Water flowing through pipes causes a loss of head due to friction.Since building piping systems are designed to deliver water at the required outlet pressure, pipe size is a critical variable.Plumbing codes have tables and graphs to show typical water demandsof fixtures and outlets in a building.If the required
water demand is not met because of undersized piping or underpowered pumping, the pressure dops and some outlets may have little or no water flow.Pumping codes usually specify pressure and rates of flow for the fixtures in a building.The total amount of water that may be needed to supply the demand can be calculated from tables of fixture water demand.Minimum pipe sizes for different fixture in a building are specified in plumbing codes.Since it is uneconomical to design a water piping system that would provide flow with all outlets open simultaneously, judgment and experience are used to determine the probable maximum simultaneous demand.Average daily water requirements vary according to the type of premises being served.A single-family dwelling unit averages from 20 to 100 gallons(80 to 400 litres)per day.Apartment house occupants use less.Special users such as hospitals and industries usually require far greater allowances.Drainage Systems.Drainage of residential building includes the collection of sanitary wastes and roof drainage.The sanitary wastes are collected in soil pipes and stacks usually made of cast iron, although certain portions of connecting pipe may be galvanized iron.When corrosive liquids are collected, as in laboratories and industrial plants, the system may include plastic or glass pipes or coated piping.The joints, bends, tees, elbows, wyes, and many other special fittings are designed to carry away wastes without having obstructions in the pipe or creating condtions that will cause clogging if some large object is dropped into a fixture or a receptacle.Cleanouts and receptacle outlets are provided with screens or gratings to prevent the entry of clogging materials.The entire piping system is sized so that the smallest size is at the fixture outlet.Plumbing codes specify the minimum sizes for drainage connections and
the standards applicable to all pipe and fitting materials.Normally all building drainage is constructed so that waste water flows by gravity to the main house drain.The house drain is usually connected outside the building to a gravity-flow house sewer that leads to a public sewer on a point of treatment.In large buildings such as apartment house, commercial buildings, hospitals, and industrial plants, the house drain may be lower than the point of discharge.Wastes are then discharged to a sump, or storage pit, and all of
the building drainage is lifted by pumps or pneumatic ejectors to a point of discharge to the exterior sewer system.These lifting devices empty water from the storage sump on a cycling basis activated by float controls that prevent flooding of the storage area.Such units are usually installed in duplicate and often have alternate sources of power such as a diesel-or gasoline-power generator for emergency pumping.Roof drainage is collected in gutters and leaders and taken by appropriate piping to a point of discharge permitted by law.Isolated dwellings may drain to surrounding ground, while larger buildings have a drainage system similar to the sanitary system that connects into a public storm-water sewer system.Home disposal systems are used in rural areas.The house drain is connected to a septic tank with a tile drainage field or to a cesspool.The septic tank removes heavy solid materials from the waste, and the effluent or treated water is allowed to percolate into the soil through buried, specially constructed, rock-filled trenches over which tiles with open joints are laid.Enough trench must be constructed to allow percolation without flooding the surface of the ground.The effluent from septic tanks contains disease-causing bacteria and cannot be
allowed to flow directly into streams or underground waters.Health codes and regulations specify the sizes of home disposal units and control the discharge of effluent.Premises often have other water uses including swimming pools(both outdoor and indoor), ornamental pools, fish pools, and fountains, These require water and are part of the plumbing system.Since swimming-pool water is easily contaminated by bathers, it must either be replaced frequently or filtered, chlorinated, and recirculated.
第五篇：土木工程专业英语重要单词
Structural design;结构分析structural scheme；结构体系Configuration；布置
project requirement;工程要求 Spacing;间距
Fiber-reinforced composite;纤维增强复合材料
Strength-to-weight ratio;强重比underclearance;桥下净空structural scheme；结构体系Configuration；布置Allowable stress;允许应力restraint;约束，buckle;压曲Tension,compression,flexure(bending), shear,torsion(twist) 拉压弯剪扭 Headroom;净空
Cross-section；断面，断面图 Fiber-reinforced concrete；纤维增强混凝土 sag;挠度
fiberglass;玻璃纤维，dome;圆屋顶 Arched vault 穹隆
Sawtooth roof锯齿形屋顶
CAD, CADD;计算机辅助设计，计算机辅助制图与设计
schedule production；进度计划Modify a design；修改设计plotter;绘图仪
compatibility;相容性，适用性Digitize, digitizer;数字化，数字化仪 Analysis capability;分析能力 heating;供热
ventilating；通风，ventilation Air conditioning；空气调节Environment engineering;环境工程（学）
lighting;照明
humidity;湿度，moisture, 湿气含量
greenhouse;温室
Thermo syphon，热虹吸
Plenum system;压力通风系统，送气系统
fireclay；耐火粘土，fireclay brick, 耐火粘土砖
Central heating；集中供热
Refrigerating technique;制冷技术 Construction technology;施工技术 Spectacular achievement;显著的成就
Ultrahigh-rise building；超高层建筑apartment;公寓住宅，单元住宅 facade;立面，外观 Shear wall;剪力墙 Framed tube;框架筒体Bundled tube，束筒结构
stressed-skin tube system;簙壳筒体体系
Spectacular achievement;显著的成就
Tube in tube；筒中筒结构
sway;摇摆，摇动，Column-diagonal truss tube;柱对角桁架筒体
Water treatment and disposal;水处理
Wastewater solids treatment and disposal;废水固体物质处理Refuse disposal；垃圾处理 Hazardous waste disposal;有害废物处理
Air-pollution control;大气污染控制 Potable management;饮用水管理 sedimentation;沉淀法
pesticide，杀虫剂，农药，herbicide, 除草剂
Fertilizer;化肥，肥料
Organic matter,有机物
Chemical disinfection;化学消毒 Dual water system;双供水系统Dewater,脱水
Ecosystem, 生态系统 Perturbation, 干扰
Reclaim: 改造，回收再利用。Reclamation: 回收，再利用
Recovery: 恢复，回收。
Rigid beam;刚性梁结构Cantilever;悬臂（结构）suspension；悬索，suspension bridge, 悬索桥
arch;拱
pedestrian;行人
Clapper bridge;板桥 Corbeled arch;突拱
Cablestayedbridge.斜拉桥pier;桥墩，窗间墙，pile,pillar,post,pole,Column
Reclamation,开垦，围海造地;conservancy,保护，管理Inlet;进口，入口。Breakwater；防浪堤
Natural and artificial harbor;天然港与人工港
Classical harbor works;典型海港工事
Hydraulic model;水力模型 estuary;入海口
Maritime engineering: 海事工程 Dam,大坝
Hydroelectric power, 水力发电。Spillway；溢水口，泄洪道（口）silt;淤泥，泥沙 reservoir;水库 buttress;扶臂 strata;地层Permeability,渗透性 blend;掺和，混和。Rockfill；堆石，填石Water-to-cement ratio;水灰比
Classical harbor works;典型海港工事
Masonry dam;石坝
Embankment dam;土坝 Three gorges dam: 三峡大坝
土木工程专业英语全部
Lesson 1 Compression Members New Words 1. achieve achievement 2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距 3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable 4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge 5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆 6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness 7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load 8. stocky stout 9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly 10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱 11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature 12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤； 13. convince 14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由） 15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的 16. provision 规定，条款 Phrases and Expressions 1. compression member 2. bending moment shear force, axial force 3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要 4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的，临界的 5. cross-sectional area 6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration 7. slenderness ratio 长细比 8. tangent modulus 切线模量 9. stub column 短柱 10. trial-and-error approach 试算法 11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的 12. residual stress 残余应力residual 13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar 14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限 16. effective length 计算长度 Definition （定义） Compression members are those structural elements that are subjected only to axial compressive forces: that is, the loads are applied along a longitudinal axis through the centroid of the member cross section, and
土木工程专业英语单词+句子
abutment 桥墩accessory 辅助设备admixture 掺合剂aggregate 骨料alignment 定线anchorage 固定支座 aqueduct 沟渠asphalt 沥青backfill 回填 barrier 挡板basement 基础 bench 阶地 bituminous 含沥青的blast 爆破boring 钻探budget 预算bulldozer 推土机cable 钢索capillarity 毛细管现象catchbasin 截水沟compact 压实compressed air 压缩空气 compressibility 压缩系数 computer-aided 计算机辅助 cofferdam 沉箱corridor 走廊cross-section 断面cut-and-cover 随挖随填 cylindrical shield 圆形盾构discontinuity 不整合drainage system 排水系统dredge 挖掘driveshaft 主动轴durability 耐久性earthquake-resistant 抗地震的elastic modulus 弹性模量elasticity 弹性力学excavate 挖掘 execution 施工expressway 高速公路fiber-reinforced concrete 纤维增强混凝土fiberglass 玻璃丝flange 翼缘footing 基础geotechnical 岩土工程的 girder 桁架gradation 级配guardrail 栏杆grout 水泥浆habitation 住宅headroom 净空heterogeneity 不均匀性 hyperbolic paraboloid 双曲抛物面inclination 倾角 infrastructure 基础设施infiltrate 渗透 intermediate pier 中间桥墩 jack 千斤顶jumbo 隧道盾构lock 水闸 mat foundation 板式基础 metropolitan 大城市muck 软泥municipal 市政的neutral axis 中和轴outlet 排水口pedestrian 行人 pin joint 铰接 pilot tunnel （隧道）导洞 plain concrete 素混凝土plotter 绘图机 plotting 测绘pneumatic-tired roller 汽胎压路机porous 疏松的 precipitation 降水量preliminary design 初步设计 ramp 斜坡 reaction 反力runoff 雨量 rupture 破裂shaft 竖井silo 竖井slab foundation 平板基础slant 倾斜slate 板岩 slip form滑动模板 statically indeterminate structure 超静定结构stiffness 劲度strata 地层subcontractors 转包合同 subsoil 天然地基subside 沉降 sump水坑sunken-tube tunnel 沉管隧道supervise 监督 survey 测量 suspension bridge 悬索桥swell 膨胀 tamp 夯实tensile strength 抗拉强度terrace 阶地timber 木料topography 地形tremor 震动 underclearance 桥下净空valley 河谷 weather 受侵蚀yield strength 屈服强度 句子： The sizes of footing are determined by dividing the loads to be imposed at the base of the footing by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth 基础的尺寸是由可能施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基和岩石能够承当的容许支承压力来确定的。 Retaining walls are those walls subject to horizontal earth pressures due to the retention of earth behind them 挡土墙是指那些因墙后有土而承受水平土压力的墙 Mat or raft foundations are large,thick,and usually heavily reinforced concrete mats which transfer loads from a number of columns or columns and walls to the
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语 土木工程civil engineering 梁beam 结构工程structural engineering 柱column 环境工程environmental engineering 桥墩bridge piers 超高层建筑ultrahigh-rise building 桥台abutment 管道工程Pipine Engineering 摩天大楼skyscrapers 抗压强度compressive strength 活性炭active carbon 拱桥arch bridge 吊桥suspension bridge 斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge 梁板桥clapper bridge 高层建筑hight rise building 剪力墙shear wall 抗拉强度strength of extension 屈服强度yield strength 承重墙bearing-wall 幕墙curtain wall 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 隔墙partition 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete 电梯elevator The word civil derives from the latin for citizen. in 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work form that of the military who predominated at the time .since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the filed is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事
土木工程专业英语
第一节一般术语 1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。 3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering 一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 土木工程civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 5. 公路工程highway engineering 为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 6. 铁路工程railway engineering 为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 10. 建筑物（构筑物）construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground 支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未经加工处理的称为天然地基。 16. 钢结构steel structure 以钢材为主制作的结构。其中由带钢或钢板经冷加工形成的型材所制作的结构称冷弯薄壁型钢结构。 17. 混凝土（砼）结构concrete structure 以混凝土为主制作的结构。它包括素混凝土结构、钢筋混凝土结构和预应力混凝土结构等。 20. 工业建筑industrial building 提供生产用的各种建筑物，如车间、厂前区建筑、生活间、动力站、库房和运输设施等。21. 民用建筑civil building; civil architecture 指非生产性的居住建筑和公共建筑，如住宅、办公楼、幼儿园、学校、食堂、影剧院、商店、体育馆、旅馆、医院、展览馆等。 24. 高速公路freeway 具有四条或四条以上车道，设有中央分隔带，并具有完善的交通安全设施、管理设施和服务设施，为全立交、全封闭，专供汽车高速行驶的公路。 27. 铁路（铁道）railway; railroad 用机车牵引运货或运旅客的车厢组成列车，在一定轨距的轨道上行驶的交通运输线路。 第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语 1. 桥bridge 为公路、铁路、城市道路、管线、行人等跨越河流、山谷、道路等天然或人工障碍而建造的架空建筑物。 2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge 以简支梁作为桥跨结构的主要承重构件的梁式桥。 3. 连续梁桥continuous girder bridge
土木工程专业英语(完整 大学)
Lesson 26 Pavement New words 1. pavement [ ????????] n. 路面 2. apron [ ??????] n.围裙, 停机坪It is usually the area where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refueled or boarded. 3. subgrade [ ????????] n. 路基 4. profile [ ???◆???●] n.剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓 5. rehabilitation [ ??????????●????????] n.复原，维修 6. swelling [ ???●??] n. 膨胀，河水猛涨,涨水 7. heaving [ ??????] n. 鼓起，隆起 8. extant [????????] adj.现存的, 未毁的 9. overlay [ ?◆???●??] n. 覆盖, 10. unpaved ??????????] adj.没有铺石砖的, 没有铺柏油的 11. liquefy [ ●???????] v.(使)溶解, (使)液化 12. bituminous [?????◆??????] adj.含沥青的 13. hydrocarbon [ ??????◆???????] n.烃, 碳氢化合物 14. macadam [????????] n.碎石, 碎石路 15. silicate [ ??●????] n. [化]硅酸盐 16. kiln [ ?●?? ??●] n. (砖, 石灰等的)窑, 炉, 干燥炉vt.烧窑, 在干燥炉干燥 17. clinker [ ?●????] n. (一种表面光洁如玻璃的)炼砖, 渣块 18. nonbituminous [ ????????◆??????] 19. solidify [???●??????] v.(使)凝固, (使)团结 20. dowel [ ??◆?●] n. 木钉, 销子vt.用暗销接合 Phrases and Expressions 1. traveled way 车行道 2. composite pavement 复合路面 3. flexible pavement 柔性路面 4. rigid pavement 刚性路面 5. open-graded 开级配 6. coarse-graded 粗级配 7. fine-graded 细级配 8. Asphalt Institute (A.I.) 沥青协会 9. Present Serviceability Index (PSI) 现有性能指标 10. macadam aggregate 碎石骨料 11. cold-laid mixture 冷铺
土木工程专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇 A A abandoned hole 报废孔 ablation 消融（作用） abnormal curve 非正常曲线 abnormal value 异常值 abrasion 磨蚀 absence 缺失 absolute coordinates 绝对坐标 absolute elevation 绝对高度；海拔 absolute error 绝对误差 absolute level 绝对标高 absorbability 吸附力 absorbed water 吸着水 absorbing well 吸水井；注水井；渗水井 accelerated consolidation 加速加固 acceleration 加速度 acceptance test 验收试验 accepted scale 采用的比例尺 acceptence of work 工程验收 access road 通道，便道 accidental error 偶然误差 accretion of river bottom 河底淤高 accretion of sand 淤砂 accretion 淤积 accumulated value 累计值 accumulation curve 累积曲线 accumulation terrace 洪积阶地 accuracy of calibration 标定精度 accuracy of measurement 量测精度 accuracy of observation 观测精度 accuracy of reading 读数精度 accuracy 精度 acidimetry 酸量滴定法 acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验 action 作用 active surface of sliding 主动(土压力的)滑动面 active drainage area 有效排水面积 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active pile 主动桩 active remote sensing 人工源遥感 active seismical area 地震活动区 active stabilizer 活性加固剂 active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态 active tectonic system 活动性构造体系 active water 活性水 activity 活性 actual error 真误差 actual load 实际荷载 actual measurement 实测 actual state 现状 additional load 附加荷载 adfreezing force 冻附力 adfreezing strength 冻附强度 adhesion 粘聚力 adhesive water 薄膜水 adjust 调整，对准 adjustment of coordinates 坐标平差 adjustment of observation 观察平差 adjustment 调整，对准 admissible load 容许荷载 admixture 掺合物 adsorbed layer 吸附层 adsorption 吸附作用 aeolian plain 风成平原 aeolian soil 风积土 aeration zone 饱气带 aeroview 鸟瞰图 age determination 年代测定 age 年代 ageing 老化 aggregate 骨料 agitator 搅拌器 A-horizon 淋溶层 air permeability 透气性 air tight 不透气的 air-dried soil 风干土 air-lock 气闸 air-water surface 气水结合面 alimentation area 补给区 A-line A 线（塑性图〕 alkali soil 碱土 alkaline soil 碱性土 all-around pressure 周围压力 allowable amplitude 容许振幅 allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力 allowable error 容许误差 allowable load 容许荷载 allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载 allowable pile load 桩的容许荷载 allowable settlement 容许沉降量 allowable value 容许值 alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇 alluvial fan 冲积扇 alluvial plain 冲积平原 alluvial soil 冲积土 alluvial terrace 冲积阶地 alluvial valley 冲积河谷 alluviation 冲积（作用） alluvium 冲积层 alternating current induced polarzation alternating load 交变荷载 alternating strain 交变应变 alternating stress 交变应力 alternation 互层 altitude survey 高程测量 altitude 高程；高度 ambient pressure 围压 amended plan 修正方案 amount of compression 压缩量 amount of deflection 扰度 amount 数量 amplification factor 放大因数 amplitude of vibration 振幅 amplitude 振幅，幅度 analysis of strain 应变分析 analysis of stress 应力分析 analysis 分析 analytic balance 分析天平 anchor grouting 锚固灌浆 anchor block 锚块 anchor bolt 锚栓 anchor pile 锚桩 anchor plate 锚板 anchor rod 锚杆 anchor wall 锚墙 anchor 锚 anchorage force 锚固力 anchorage 地锚 anchored bulkhead 锚定岸壁 anchored sheet piling 锚定板桩墙 andesite 安山岩 angle of contact 接触角 angle of dilatancy 剪胀角 angle of external friction 外摩擦角 angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 angle of obliquity （应力的〕倾角 angle of repose 休止角 angle of rupture 破裂角 angle of shearing strength 剪切角 angle of true internal friction 真内擦角 angle 角，角度 angular deformation 角变形 angular error 角度误差 anion adsorption 阴离子吸附
土木工程专业英语常用词汇
土木工程专业英语常用词汇Learn standards and apply them. June 22, 2023
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体工程 reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体 unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress allowable stress 容许应力 plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall continuous concrete wall 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力 normal ~ 法向应力 shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 air void ration土空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability placeability 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass reinforced glass 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt malthoid 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀,麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板工程 shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction slipforming 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯 electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语 Specialty English 3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程 Civil Engineering 5 地下工程 Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程 Port Engineering 13 安全性 safety 17木结构 timber structure 18 砌体结构 masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构 steelstructure 21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土 plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋 rebar 25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构 truss structure 29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure 30 近海工程 offshore engineering 31 静力学 statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁 simply supported beam 35 固定支座 fixed bearing 36弹性力学 elasticity 37 塑性力学 plasticity 38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics 40 土力学 soil mechanics
土木工程常用英语翻译
土木工程常用翻译 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。 工程结构设计 design of building and civil engineering structures 在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的 工程实体。 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项 技术工作和完成的工程实体。 公路工程 highway engineering 为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 铁路工程 railway engineering 为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 港口与航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering
为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 水利工程 hydraulic engineering 为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作 和完成的工程实体。 水利发电工程（水电工程） hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 结构 structure 广义地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的实体，狭义地指各种工程实体的承重骨架。 基础 foundation 将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重 传递到地基的结构组成部分。 地基 foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground 支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未 经加工处理的称为天然地基。 木结构 timber structure 以木材为主制作的结构
土木工程专业英语
土木工程专业英语 第一篇：土木工程专业英语 水力学 hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 沥青 bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength 非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石 gravel柱子 column力 force 位移 displacement线性的 linear砂浆 mortar弹性 elastic塑性plastic沉降 settlement 弯矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear 正应力 normal stress路面 pavement 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 土木工程civil engineering岩体力学rock mass mechanics粒径grain diameter 容许应力allowable stress土力学soil mechanics斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 water-cement ratio 民用建筑civil architecture地质成因geologic origin临界截面choking section 岩土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服点 yield point 横截面(transverse)cross section 安全系数 safety factor抗剪强度 shear strength反复试验 trial and error 预应力混凝土priestessed concrete先张法pretensioning concrete 后张法post-tensioning concrete 土质勘测soil investiagation 在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a compressive stress, which is the tensile stress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。In many cases, civil engineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other projects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and computer applications in civil engineering is importance.钢材和
土木工程 专业英语
1. Civil engineering is that branch of engineering which aims to provide a comfortable and safe living for the people. 土木工程是工程学的一个分支，它的目的是为人们提供一个舒适，安全的生活。 2. Tall building development involves various complex factors such as economics , aesthetics , technology , municipal regulations, and politics. 高层建筑的发展涉及到各种复杂因素，如经济学，美学，科技，市政规章和政治。 3. Various damping strategies are employed to reduce the effect of wind loads applied to tall buildings. 各阻尼策略来降低施加到高大建筑物风荷载的影响。 4. A bridge usually controls the capacity of a transportation system ,and is the highest cost per mile of the system. 网桥通常控制一个运输系统，是每英里成本最高的系统。 5. The arch form is intended to reduce bending moments ( and hence tensile stresses) in the superstructure and should be economical in material compared with an equivalent straight, simply supported girder or truss. 拱形式是为了减少弯曲力矩（和拉伸应力）在上层建筑及用等效直，简支梁或桁架相比应该是经济的材料。 6. A road is a thoroughfare , route , or way between two places, which typically has been improved to allow travel by some conveyance , including a horse ,cart , or motorized vehicle. 一条路是两个地方，这通常已得到改进，让旅行的一些运输工具，包括马，车，或机动车辆之间的通道，路由或方式。 7. The process is often begun with the removal of earth and rock by digging or blasting , construction of embankments, bridges and tunnels , and removal of vegetation ( this may involve deforestation ) and followed by the laying of pavement material. 这个过程往往开始与通过挖掘或爆破拆除土石方，建筑堤坝，桥梁和隧道，以及去除植被的（这可能涉及毁林）和随后路面材料铺设。 8. Roadways are designed and built for primary use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic. 道路被车辆和行人交通设计和建造的主要用途 9. Processes during earthwork include excavation , removal of material to spoil ,filling , compacting ,construction and trimming.土方在流程包括采挖，除去材料破坏的，填充，压实，施工和修剪。 10. Pavements are designed for an expected service life or design life .In some UK countries the standard design life is 40 years for new bitumen and concrete pavement.路面设计为预期使用寿命或设计寿命。在一些英国国家标准设计寿命为40年，新沥青和混凝土路面 11. Providing quality control testing especially in compacted fills and structural
土木工程专业英语词汇
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢 筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构 statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32 运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36 弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学 solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均 布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬 仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83 文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专著monograph 89 会议论文集 proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议 conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研 究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100 ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title 102 摘要 abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词 subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法analytical method 112 数值方法numerical method 113 计算computation 114 说明书 instruction 115 规范Specification, Code 第二部分： 岩土工程专业词汇 一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 2.foundation engineering基础工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土动力学 6.stress path应力路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学 二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 https://www.360docs.net/doc/db19205016.html,ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat 泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性 10.seepage force渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient水