精度控制

南通航运职业技术学院船舶与海洋工程系

毕业论文

浅谈船舶建造中的精度管理要求

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专业：钢结构建造技术

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摘要

造船精度管理技术直接影响造船质量及效率,对船舶行业发展具有极其重要的意义。它是一项复杂的系统工程，贯穿于船舶建造的整个过程中，而且每个阶段相互牵连，相互影响。同时它涉及的面非常广，既包括科学分析和总结补偿量的分析，合理制订反变形控制量，又要有系统的精度控制和合理的控制方法来检测产品是否符合要求，其目的是保证不让次品流入下一道程序。据调查显示：在船体建造过程中，装配时的主要作业仅占总装配工时的1／6，而用于调整作业的工时占1／2，作业后的清理占1／3。因此，船厂应用船体建造精度控制方法的目标是最大限度地消除调整作业量，减少清理工作量，以节约生产工时，并节省材料和能源。可以说，研究船舶建造精度控制技术具有重要意义。本文将对精度管理作简单的描述，然后主要介绍小、中、大组立的工艺流程和精度要求，再以机舱上甲板（平台甲板）大组立和上层建筑总段为例，来综合浅谈船舶建造中的精度管理要求。

[关键词]精度管理船舶建造质量效率工艺流程

Abstract

The precision management technology directly affects the quality and efficiency of shipbuilding and has a great significance on the development of the shipbuilding industry. That not only throughout the whole process of shipbuilding but also implicate and influence each other on every stage, it is a complex systems engineering. At the same time it involves a very wide, includes scientific and summarizes compensation analysis and make the reasonable control for anti-deformation, then has the precision control for system and the methods to detect whether the product meets the requirements, it is to make sure not to let defective productions into the next program. According to the survey, through the whole process of the ship building, the working hours of assemble accounted for only 1/6 of the total assembly working hours, but the working hours of adjust accounted for 1/2, the cleaning time accounted for 1/3. Therefore, the purpose of precision ship building technology is to elimination the amount of adjusting work and cleaning hours in the maximal degree, In order to save the processing time, and save materials and energy. So the study of the precision ship building technology has an important significance. In this paper, simply description the precision management technology and then describe the technological process of small, medium and large group and requirement of precision, with the deck of cabin (platform deck) and the large group as example, on comprehensive the requirement of the precision management technology in the progress of ship building.

Keyword ：precision management ship building quality efficiency technological process

目录

摘要.................................................................................................................................... - 2 - Abstract .................................................................................................................................. - 3 -

1 引言...................................................................................................................... - 5 -

2 国内外精度管理简述.................................................................................................... - 6 -

3 精度管理存在与发展的必然性和重要性.................................................................... - 8 -

4 有关精度管理的概述...................................................................................................... - 9 -

4.1 精度管理的定义：.................................................................................................. - 9 -

4.2 精度控制的宗旨：.................................................................................................. - 9 -

4.3 明确精度管理的职责：.......................................................................................... - 9 -

5 小、中、大组立的工艺流程和精度要求.................................................................. - 10 -

5.1小组立..................................................................................................................... - 10 -

5.1.1 小组立工艺流程：...................................................................................... - 10 -

5.1.2小组立作业精度要求：............................................................................... - 10 -

5.2 中组立.................................................................................................................... - 11 -

5.2.1 中组立工艺流程：...................................................................................... - 11 -

5.2.2 中组立作业精度要求：.............................................................................. - 11 -

5.3 大组立/分段组立................................................................................................. - 13 -

5.3.1大组立/分段组立工艺流程：...................................................................... - 13 -

5.3.2大组立/分段组立精度要求：...................................................................... - 13 -

6 机舱上甲板（平台甲板）大组立................................................................................ - 14 -

6.1 工艺要求和流程.................................................................................................... - 14 -

6.1.1外板组立制造工艺要点：........................................................................... - 14 -

6.1.2分段施工工艺要点：................................................................................... - 14 -

6.1.3工艺流程....................................................................................................... - 14 -

6.2 建造方法和胎架形式............................................................................................ - 15 -

6.2.1建造方法：................................................................................................... - 15 -

6.2.2胎架形式：支柱式胎架............................................................................... - 15 -

6.3 精度要求：............................................................................................................ - 15 -

7 上层建筑总段................................................................................................................ - 16 -

7.1 工艺要求和流程: ................................................................................................... - 16 -

7.1.1工艺要求：................................................................................................... - 16 -

7.1.2工艺流程....................................................................................................... - 16 -

7.2 建造方法和胎架形式............................................................................................ - 17 -

7.3精度要求：............................................................................................................. - 17 -

8. 强化精度质量控制的检验制度..................................................................................... - 18 -

9 把精度质量的理念深入人心...................................................................................... - 19 -

10 结语...................................................................................................................... - 20 -

11. 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................... - 21 -

12. 致谢....................................................................................................................... - 22 - 附录.................................................................................................................................. - 23 -