Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(1)

(2)(北京高考)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined. —I wish they ________ always late. A．weren't C．wouldn't be B．hadn't been D．wouldn't have been
If the kids had been warned not to swim in the lake，they should have avoided the tragedy. 如果有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳，他们就应该能够避免悲剧。 [ 即时演练1] 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 ①If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen (see) her. ②If it hadn't rained (rain) yesterday, I would have gone (go) out to play football with my friends.
[ 即时演练2] (1)用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 ①If I were you, I wouldn't buy (not buy) sculpture. ③—Mom, if I were (be) you, I wouldn't ask (not ask) my son to study at weekends. —Unfortunately, you are not. ④If I were (be) in your position, I would accept (accept) their offer. abstract painting. ②If I had (have) enough money, I would buy that beautiful
解析：考查虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故从 句谓语动词用had done形式。从句补充完整为“if we hadn't taken an umbrella”。 答案：A
2．对现在情况的虚拟 对现在的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句的谓语动词用 一般过去时，主句谓语动词使用“should/would/could/might ＋ 动 词原形”的形式。 If I had one more chance, I would say to my father “I love you”． 如果上天能够再给我一次机会，我会对爸爸说：“我爱你”。 If you were a big boss, you could/might understand how hard a period I am in. 如果你是大老板，你可能/或许会理解我处在多么困难的时期。
(2)单句改错 —Mary looks hot and tired. —So will you if you had a high fever. will 改为 would 3．对将来情况的虚拟 对将来的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句用“should ＋ 动词原形”，或“were to ＋ 动词原形”，或“动词过去式” 的谓语动词形式，主句使用 “should/would/could/might ＋动词原 形”的谓语动词形式。
③If I hadn't come (not come) to work in Xinjiang, I wouldn't
have met (not meet) you, and I
(not know) you. But I did.
would not have known
(2)(江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious. A．thought C．had thought B．would think D．have thought
(3)语法填空
you , I would give it up.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the picnic.
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1．用在 wish 之后的宾语从句中 wish 后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。
“should/would/could/might ＋ have ＋ 过去分词”的谓语动词形 式。 If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法，人们绝不可能画出如此逼真的画。
(2)句型转换 ①Had I persuaded him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake. → If I had persuaded him to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake. ②If I were you, I would give it up. → Were I
主句
用法
从句谓语动词的形式 用一般过去时(be通 常用were) had＋过去分词
表示现在不能实现的愿望
主语＋wish 表示过去不能实现的愿望 表示将来不能实现的愿望
would (could)＋动词
原形
I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。 I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。 How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。
当从句主语为第一人称时，应说I wish I could ...，一般不说I wish I would ...。
[ 即时演练4] (1)用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 ①I wish I had (have) a little lab of my own. ②I wish I were (be) as strong as you. ③He wishes he hadn't lost (not lose) the chance. ④I wish you wouldn't smoke (not smoke) any more.
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪 里？”可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现 在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。
答案：A
2．用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中 表示“要求、 建议、 命令”等动词后面的从句中用 “should ＋ 动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中 “should” 可以省略。这类动词可 以速记为： 一坚持(insist)； 二命令(command, order)； 三建议(advise, suggest, proposal)； 四要求(request, require, demand, desire)
4．虚拟语气的省略 从句中有 should, were, had 三个助动词时，可以把 if 省略，并 将这三个词提至句首，从而构成部分倒装。 Should he be free tomorrow(＝If he should be free tomorrow), I would talk with him. 如果他明天有空，我会和他谈话的。 Had I had time(＝ If I had had time), I would have walked round that lake then. 如果有时间，我当时会在湖的周围走走。
Unit 1
Secti百度文库nⅢ
课前自 主领悟
课堂要 点精析
课后强 化训练
Section_Ⅲ
Grammar——虚拟语气(1)
语法图解
探究发现
①If I had time, I would go there. ②If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ③If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. ④ I wish I were a bird. ⑤ I wish I hadn't made such a mistake. ⑥ The teacher demanded that the exam (should) be finished before eleven. ⑦The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气： 陈述语气、 祈使语气和虚 拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿 望、怀疑或推测，它主要用于 if 条件状语从句，也可用于主语从 句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 1．对过去情况的虚拟 我们发现对过去的情况进行虚拟时，非真实条件状语从句用 “had ＋ 过去分词”的谓语动词形式，主句使用
[我的发现] (1)①句是对现在情况的虚拟，②句是对 将来 情况的虚拟，从句用
一般过去 时，主句用 would/should/could/might＋动词原形。 __________
(2)③ 句 是 对 过 去 情 况 的 虚 拟 ， 从 句 用 过去完成 时，主句用
would/should/could/might have done 结构。 ___________________________________
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的“should not have laughed” 可知，此处是对过去的事情的虚拟，因此if从句中的谓语动词用 过去完成时。
答案：C
(3)(重庆高考)—It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ A．hadn't C．didn't B．haven't D．don't
If I became/were to become/should become a scientist in the future, I would try to find a cure for cancer. 如果将来我能成为一名科学家， 我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方。 If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, we wouldn't go hiking. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去远足了。
(3)④句 wish 后的从句是对现在情况的虚拟， 谓语动词用一般过去时 。 (4)⑤句 wish 后的从句是对过去情况的虚拟， 谓语动词用 过去完成时 。 (5)⑥⑦句主句谓语动词为表示要求、建议的动词，其后的从句使用虚 拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为，should＋动词原形 ，其中should 可 以省略。
[ 即时演练 3] (1)用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 ①If he should come (come) tomorrow, we would be (be) greatly surprised. ②If the sun were to rise (rise) in the west, I would follow (follow) you. ③If we didn't have a great deal of time, we wouldn't be (not be) able to complete the project as you wish.