【美联英语】李世默-李世默TED演讲稿：两种制度的传说6

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中国的政治模式不可能取代选举民主，因为中国从不将自己的政治制度包装成普世通用的模式，也不热衷于对外输出。

这正是关键的所在。

进一步说，中国模式的重要意义，不在于为世界各国提供了一个可以替代选举民主的新模式，而在于从实践上证明了良政的模式不是单一而是多元的，各国都有可能找到适合本国的政治制度。

China’s political model will never supplant electoral democracy, because unlike the latter, it doesn’t pretend to be universal. It cannot be exported. But that is the point precisely. The significance of China’s example is not that it provides and alternative but the demonstration that alternatives exist.
让我们为“元叙事”的时代画个句号吧。

共产主义和民主可能都是人类最美好的追求，但它们普世化的教条时代已经过去。

我们的下一代，不需要被灌输说，世界上只有一种政治模式，所有社会都只有一种归宿。

这是错误的，不负责任的，也是乏味的。

多元化正在取代普世化。

一个更精彩的时代正缓缓拉开帷幕，我们有没有勇气拥抱它呢?
Let us draw to a close this era of meta-narratives. Communism and democracy may both be laudable ideals, but the era of their dogmatic universalism is over. Let us stop telling people and our children there’s only one way to govern ourselves and a singular future towards which all societies must evolve. It is wrong. It is irresponsible. And worst of all, it is boring. Let universality make way for plurality.
Perhaps a more interesting age is upon us. Are we brave enough to welcome it? Thank you .
采访环节。

主持人：世默，请等几分钟，我要问你几个问题，好吗?我想在座的很多西方人会同意你的多民主制度功能失败的分析。

但是，同时他们会对一个不是被选举产生的政权，没有任何监督和协商，去决定国家利益表示怀疑。

中国政治模式里有什么机制，可以让人民说政权所定义的国际利益是错的?
Eric，stay with me for a couple of minutes, became I want to ask you a couple of questions. I thank many have and in general in Western counties would agree with your statement about analysis of democratic systems becoming dysfunctional, but at the same time, many would kind of unsetting the thought that there find is an unelected authority that, without any form of oversight or consultation, decides what the national interest is. What is the mechanism in the Chinese model that allows people to say actually, the national interest as you defined it is wrong?
李世默：政治学者福山曾经把中国的制度称为“响应民意的威权”。

这不完全精确，但相差不远。

我知道，中国最大的民意调查公司，你知道他们的最大的客户是谁吗?中国政府。

不只是中央政府，还有省级市级政府，甚至最小的地方政府。

他们经常进行民意调查，你对收集垃圾等服务满意吗?你们对国家的大方向满意吗?所以，中国有一个很不同的机制，去响应人民的诉求。

我要说的关键是，我们应该从一种有效的政治制度的思想中解放出来，只有选举，选举，选举，才能产生响应民意的政府。

其实，我不觉得当今世界的选举能够产生响应民意的政府。

(掌声)
You known, Frank fufuyama, the political scientist called the Chinese system “responsive authoritarianism”. It’s not exactly right, but I thank it comes close. So I know the largest public opinion survey company in china, Okay? Do you know who their biggest client is? The Chinese government. Not just from the central government, the city government the provincial government to the most local neighborhood districts. They conduct surveys all the time. Are you happy with the garbage collection? Are you happy with the general direction of the country? So there’s in China , there is a different kind of mechanism to be responsive to the demands and the thinking of the people. My point is I think we should get unstuck from the thinking that there’s only political syste m, election, election, election. That could make it responsive. I 'm not sure, actually, elections produce responsive government anymore in the world.
主持人：很多人认为，民主制度的一个功能，是让公民社会表达自己，你举出数据论证，中国政府拥有民众支持，但你也讲到其他因素，比如巨大的挑战，当然，还有其他数据显示另一个方向：上万的抗议和群体事件，环保问题等等。

你是否建议中国模式不允许在中国以外有公民社会的空间?
Many seen to be, one of the features of a democratic system is a space for civil society to express itself. And you have shown figures about the support that the government and the authorities have in China. But then you’ve just mentioned other elements like, you know big challenges and there are, of course, a lot of other data that go to a different direction: Tens of thousands of unrest and protests, and
environmental problems etc,,,(yah,yah.)..So you seem to suggest the Chinese model doesn’t have a space outside of the Party for civil society to express itself.李世默：中国有着相当活跃的公民社会，环保组织等等。

但他们不一样，你可能认不出来，在西方经济学定义里，公民社会必须存在与政治体制以外，甚至对立于政治体制。

但这种思路与中国文化格格不入。

数千年来在中国，所谓的公民社会都有存在。

但他们与政治体制相辅相成，我认为，这是一个很大的文化差异。

There’s a vibrant civil society in china, where it environment or what have you but it’s different. You wouldn’t recognize it. Because by western definition, a so-called civil society has to be separate or even in opposition to the political system. But that concept is alien for Chinese culture. For thousands for years, you have civil society, yet they are consistent and coherent and part of a political order, and I thank it’s a big c ulture different.
主持人：世默，感谢你与TED分享这些思想。

Eric, thank you for sharing this with TED.
世默：谢谢你。

Thank you.
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