英语虚拟语气的用法详解

虚拟语气的用法荟萃

一：概念：虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设，是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观愿望。二：虚拟语气涉及的情况： 1)用在由 if 引导的非真实条件句中

条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。引导的非真实条件句中。

A)真实条件句：即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况。如：If you heat ice, it melts.(融化) If I make a promise, I keep it. If we catch the early bus, we will(shall,can, may,)get there by lunch time. If it is fine tomorrow, we can play basketball.(客观事实) If it rains, I go to school on foot. ☆B)If

引导的非真实条件句中，即虚拟条件句中。主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟：对过去的虚拟；对现在的虚拟；对将来的虚拟。谓语动词的时态变化符合“倒退一步法”

。①对过去真实情况的虚拟，或者对过去事实完全相反的假设：公式： if… had + V-ed 分词（从句）, … Would（could,might,should） + have+ V-ed 分词 …（主句）如：If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. If they had helped us, we would have finished the task.

(实际上没帮) If I had made good prepatation, I wouldn't have lost the job.

②对现在真实情况的虚拟，或者对现在真实情况相反的假设：公式：

If ...+V-过去式(be 多用 were),...+would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If I were a bird, I would fly to the top of Mount Hua. If I had time, I would go to the movies with you. (实际上没时间) If I had enough money, I would buy that new toy for you.

③对将来情况相反的假设：公式： If 。。+动词过去式/should +动词原形/were to

+动词原形,。。+would/should/could/might +动。。词原形 If it should/were to/ rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.(下雨的可能性很小) If Kobe should come to our village, I would take photos with him. ※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：虚拟语气的倒装语序上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果 if 从句里含有 should, had, were

或其他助动词,则可将从属连词 if 省去,将助动词.情态动词.be 或 have 放在句首形成部分倒装. If I had time, I would have done that yesterday. ==Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday. If I were you, I would go to the party. ==Were I you, I would go to the party. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home

==Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

2）错综时间 if 虚拟条件句）

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,

但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 如： If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指一般情况, 主句指过去) If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.

(从句指过去,主句指现在). If I had bought that ticket last night, I would go to the theater(剧院) with you tomorrow.

3）that 从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气：）

从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气：

A)在 suggest, order（命令） demand（要求）,request（要求）在，require（要求）propose （命令）（要求）（要求），（要求），建议）

（建议）,move（提议） command,（指挥） , recommend（推荐）, decide,

insist（坚持）, （提议），（指挥）（推荐）（坚持） desire（渴望）,

urge（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中要用 “ (should) +动词原形来表示愿动词原形” （渴望）（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中动词原形建议, 要求等; 望,建议命令

要求等建议命令,要求等注意：由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式，如suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , ）等的

同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式. 如：宾语从句如下表： He ordered （that） all the books (should) be sent at once. I propose that he (should) be chosen as the monitor(班长) The teacher demanded that all the students (should) hand in their notebooks after class. The doctor insisted/decided that he (should) not eat meat.

表语从句及同位语从句如下表： His order was that all the books (should) be sent at once.(表语从句) He gave the order that all the books (should) be sent at

once.(同位语从句) My propose was that he should be chosen as the monitor.(表语从句) T