4 翻译技巧之句子的重组

定语的位置调整
• 例4：我们要把祖国建成社会主义的 现代化 强 国。 • We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. • 例5：他是一位中国现代优秀作家。 • He is an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer. • 例6： 那是中国内地出版的第一份报纸。 • That was the first newspaper that had been published in inland China.
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同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视 角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、 鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏 林墙被枪杀的青年。
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Unlike foreigners, who like to observe the Berlin Wall from geographic politics, conception formality, economic basis, and etc, Berlin Wall has a history of human and living persons for ordinary Germans, which includes tears, laughs, even humers, such as, the first young man who was killed for cross the Berlin Wall silently. Foreigners always like checking the differences of Berlin Wall in the views of politics, catching up with each other between big countries, social system, conscious pattern and economical foundation. In normal German’s eyes, Berlin Wall has a lot of stories about people which are sad, happy and even humous. For example, the first sing Berlin Wall in the condition of nobody knows.
语序的调整
• • • • 汉英思维方式差异： 汉语：主体 行为标志 行为 行为客体 英语：主体 行为 行为客体 行为标志 汉英语言表达模式差异：
• 汉语：主语+状语+谓语+宾语（定语必须前置） • 英语：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（较长定语必须后置）
定语的位置调整
• 汉语：表事物本质的居前，表规模大小或力量强弱的居后 • 英语：表本质的要靠近它所修饰的名词 • • • • • • 例1：到场的来宾中还有一些外宾。 The guests present included some foreign visitors. 例2：我们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 We have tried every way possible. 例3：在太空中有各种各样的肉眼看不见得波。 There are various kinds of waves invisible to the naked eye in the aerospace.
汉英语言中的主语和谓语
例2：我打算赶头班火车回北京。 I am going to catch the first train back to Beijing. 例3：他决定不当司机了，去学一门新手艺。 He decided to give up his occupation as bus driver and to learn a new trade. • 例4：一想到出国深造，他就激动不已。 • The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. • He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study. • • • •
第四讲 汉译英技巧之句子的重组
试译： 试译：
同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形 态、经济基础等等视角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德 国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、鲜活的人的故事， 有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越 柏林墙被枪杀的青年。
同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视 角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、 鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏 林墙被枪杀的青年。 • Different from other nations that closely read the Berlin Wall in the aspect of geography and politics, competitive countries, social system, ideology and economic fundment and so forth, Berlin Wall was a booklet of stories, which are full of tears and laughs and even humourous, in common Germany’s mind. For example, a young man was shot because he got over the Berlin Wall secretly. They always like to read the difference of Berlin Wall with other foreigners through geographical politics, competitive countries’ rivalry, ideology as well as economic fundament. The Berlin Wall bears many lively and vivid stories which are full of tears, laugh and even humours tales in the mind of Germany. For example, the first young man were shot for getting it over secretly. Foreign people always prefer to supervise the Berlin Wall from different sights, for instance, geographic politics, competition among big countries, social systems, ways of thinking, economic foundation and so on, But on the contrary, what is widespread among normal Germans is that the wall is linked to humane and alive stories about humans, which contain tears, laughter and even humor.
语法的重组及语序的调整
汉英语言中的主语和谓语
• 差异：
主语突出 主体突出
• 三鹿事件一周年，显然是一个值得反思的日子。 • It has been one year since the Sanlu contaminated milk powder scandal became public, which makes this day one worth reflecting on. • 解决办法：确定主语和中心谓语，添加枝叶
• 试译：近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的 经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。 • In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. • Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. • China and Thailand, with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation. • The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视 角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、 鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏 林墙被枪杀的青年。
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译例1：Unlike foreigners, the regular Germans don’t examine the Berlin Wall from the perspective of geographical politics, competition among big countries, social system, ideology and economic base; instead, they see from it humane and vivid stories, which are full of tears, laughter and humor, for example, the story of a young man who got killed for being the first to trespass the Wall. 译例2：Outsiders usually like to evaluate the Berlin Wall from the vantage point of geopolitics, competing powers, social systems, ideology and economic base, but the legacy of regular Germans is a story permeated with humanity and the freshness of life. There are sad, joyful and even funny stories, such as the first youth to try to sneak over the wall who was shot to death.