熵权模糊综合评价法在城市生态安全评价中的应用

熵权模糊综合评价法在城市生态安全评价中的应用

3

高长波1,2

　陈新庚

233

　韦朝海3　彭晓春

4

(1广东轻工职业技术学院,广州510300;2

中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275;

3

华南理工大学环境科学研究所,

广州510640;

4国家环境保护总局华南环境科学研究所,广州510655)

【摘要】　为了拓新城市复合生态系统生态安全评价方法的研究,根据压力2状态2响应模型,构建了一个有

3个要素和33项具体指标的城市生态安全水平度量的指标体系,并运用客观的熵权法赋权、模糊综合评价法以及划分的等级标准对我国5个经济发达城市的生态安全水平进行量化分析.结果表明,苏州市和北京市对“较安全”级别的隶属度最大,分别为01376和01286;深圳市、上海市和广州市则处于“临界安全”状态.另外,深圳市具有较大的系统压力,苏州市的系统状态和系统响应表现最优.与其它评价方法相比,该方法评价过程简易,结果定量和相对客观可信.

关键词　城市　生态安全评价　熵权　模糊文章编号　1001-9332(2006)10-1923-05　中图分类号　X17111　文献标识码　A

Appli ca ti on of en tropy we i ght and fuzzy syn theti c eva lua ti on i n urban ecolog i ca l secur ity a ssess m en t .G AO

Changbo 1,2,CHE N Xingeng 2,W E I Chaohai 3,PE NG Xiaochun 4(1

Guangdong Industry Technical College,Guan 2

gzhou 510300,China;2

School of Environm ental Sciences and Engineering,Sun Yat 2Sen U niversity,Guangzhou

510275,China;3

Institute of Environm ental Science,South China U niversity of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;4

South China Institute of Environm ent Science,S tate Environm ental Protection A dm inistration of China,Guangzhou 510655,China ).2Chin .J.A ppl .Ecol .,2006,17(10):1923～1927.

Ecol ogical security is one of the f oundati ons of regi onal security,and the basis of sustainable devel opment .U rban ecol ogical security refers t o the ecol ogical support and main ecol ogical issues of a city,which do not threaten its survival and devel opment .To devel op the research method on the ecol ogical security of urban s ocial 2econom ic 2nat 2ural comp lex ecosyste m,an assess ment indicat or syste m of urban ecol ogical security was set up based on Pressure -State -Res ponse Model,which included 3key fact ors and 33concrete ite m s .The five most devel oped cities of China were taken as the cases t o assess their ecol ogical security situati on by using entr opy weight and fuzzy syn 2thetic evaluati on method .The results showed that the urban ecol ogical security of Suzhou and Beijing was at rela 2tively safe level,while that of Shenzhen,Shanghai and Guangzhou was critical safe in the year of 2003.The ur 2ban ecosyste m of Shenzhen was under heavy p ress,while that of Suzhou behaved best both in system status and syste m res ponse .Comparing with other assess ment methods,this evaluati on method was easier and more reas ona 2ble .The results were basically consistent t o the fact of these cities,suggesting that the urban ecol ogical security indicat or syste m and the entr opy weight and fuzzy synthetic evaluati on app r oach were feasible t o s ome extent .Key words U rban,Ecol ogical security assess ment,Entr opy weight,Fuzzy .

3国家自然科学基金项目(50278036)和广东省自然科学基金资助项目(04300916).33通讯联系人.E 2mail:eescxg@ 2005-10-11收稿,2006-08-01接受.

1　引 言

城市生态安全是指一个城市生态环境支撑条件以及所面临的生态环境问题不对其生存和发展造成威胁,即城市生态系统的功能能够满足其持续生存和发展的需求[10]

.生态安全评价研究已成为相关领域的研究热点[6,11,15]

.但由于人们对生态安全的内

涵认识不足,在评价指标体系和研究方法上至今还

没有形成共识

[1,4,22,23,26,28]

.常用的生态安全评价方

法有:暴露—响应分析模式、综合指数法、模糊综合评价法、生态承载力分析法及景观生态学法等

[18]

.

近年来,基于模糊决策分析原理的生态安全或环境风险评价方法被广泛应用于区域尺度的典型的地理

区域或生态系统[2,12,17]

,但对城市社会2经济2自然复

合生态系统的生态安全评价机理和方法研究不足[5,10].因此,本文首先根据压力(p ressure )2状态(state )2响应(res ponse )概念框架,确定影响城市生态安全的各主要因素,然后利用模糊数学理论确定评价因子集、评价集、隶属函数,运用客观的熵权法计算各因素的权重和得出隶属度,最后用综合隶属度确定城市生态安全级别,以期为城市生态安全评价方法的拓展以及环境管理和生态建设提供科学依据和指导.

应用生态学报　2006年10月　第17卷　第10期

CH I N ESE JOURNAL OF APP L I E D EC OLOGY,Oct .2006,17(10):1923～1927