第六讲-湿法腐蚀电子教案

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• Relationship between etching rate and concentration?
• Selectivity of KOH etching?
• What’s corner compensation?
• Etching stop method?
KOH etching
• Relationship between etching rate and temperature?
• Selectivity of KOH etching? • What’s corner compensation? • Etching stop method?
KOH etching
• Relationship between etching rate and temperature?
• Relationship between etching rate and concentration?
Heavily doped
Lightly doped
Heavily doped
Etch Stops
控制时间
控制掺杂浓度
浓硼掺杂自停止腐蚀技 术:KOH、EPW腐蚀,在 掺杂浓度小于阈值时, 腐蚀速率为常数,大于 阈值时,腐蚀速率急剧 降低—重掺杂导致腐蚀 停止。
湿法腐蚀工艺
理论模型:三种 应变模型—重掺杂应力使表面SiO2生长速率超过腐蚀速率 复合模型—硅表面高浓度空穴存在使氧化反应中产生的电子复
三极系统
N型外延层对腐蚀液电位难于精确控制,影响N层厚度均匀 性。需增加参考电极(RE)—三极系统
但P型区电位由于缺陷等原因导致短路,引起边界电流,钝 化P区。即使理想的PN结也会因双极效应使腐蚀停在离PN结 界面几微米处
四极系统
• Selectivity of KOH etching?
• What’s corner compensation? • Etching stop method?
通常{111} 面腐蚀速率 最慢,与 {100}比可 达400:1
KOH etching
• Relationship between etching rate and temperature?
电钝化
电钝化腐蚀机制:腐蚀反应 分三个区
A区:Vocp附近把Si开始 转化为硅复合物 Si(OH)22+和H2,无 电荷转移,电流为 零
B区:VPP附近,开始成,电流迅速接近 于零
电钝化
相关参数的影响:晶向、掺杂浓度、温度、腐蚀液配比
光照的影响:产生电子空穴对 N型:Vpp降低,Vocp不变; P型: Vpp降低,Vocp向正方向飘移 尽量避免光照
• Selectivity of KOH etching? • What’s corner compensation? • Etching stop method?
KOH etching
• Relationship between etching rate and temperature?
• Relationship between etching rate and concentration?
• There are several etch stop techniques, including concentration-dependent, electrochemical, and dielectric.
• These etch stops allow one to control the thickness of a microstructure accurately (<1µm), and have very uniform and reproducible characteristics
第六讲 湿法腐蚀/刻蚀
outline
• Si --Anisotropic ----KOH, TMAH, EPW --Isotropic ----HNA • SiO2-Glass, PSG --Isotropic ----HF, BHF • Si3N4 --Isotropic ----Boiled H3PO4 • Example
利用电钝化可以进行停止控制,问题是?
PN结自停止腐蚀
PN结自停止腐蚀:P衬底生长N外延层(结构层) SiO2,SiN掩膜,恒压源加在N区和CE之间,电压略大于Vpp
N区接正极,PN结反偏,电压落在结上,P衬底被正常腐蚀; P衬底被腐蚀掉后,PN结被破坏,外加电压加在N与腐蚀液 间,且大于N型硅的钝化势,N型硅被钝化,腐蚀停止
• Relationship between etching rate and concentration?
• Selectivity of KOH etching? • What’s corner compensation?
• Etching stop method?
Etch Stops
• Often, it is required that one etch a region of silicon and stop on a well defined “etch-stop” that then stops the etch abruptly.
Silicon Etching (Anisotropic)
• KOH • EPW • TMAH
KOH etching
• Relationship between etching rate and temperature?
• Relationship between etching rate and concentration?
合,还原反应因为缺少电子减慢,腐蚀速率降低 电化学模型—利用能带理论解释。
缺点:应力大,压阻系数突变,IC不兼容
解决办法: PN结自停止
电钝化
装置:
工作电极(WE): 接硅
辅助电极(CE): 腐蚀液中(Pt)
参考电极(RE): 测硅的电势,
(SCE饱和甘汞电极)
I—V曲线反应了不 同材料、导电类型 的普遍特征(Vocp: 开路电势;Vpp: 钝化势)
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