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4
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Amplified storm surges. Coastal storms often cause storm surges, which occur when high winds push water inland. With rising seas, storm surges occur on top of an elevated water level and reach farther inland, with potentially catastrophic damage to homes and
7
My estimate for the sea to rise in China and
around the world
Length records form the only direct evidence of glacier change that has potential global coverage before 1950. We calculate a globally representative signal from 349 glacier length records. By means of scaling, we deduce a global glacier volume signal, that is calibrated on the mass-balance and geodetic observations of the period 1950–2005. We find that the glacier contribution to sea-level rise was 8.4 ± 2.1 cm for the period 1800–2005 and 9.1 ± 2.3 cm for
The Rising of the Sea Level
1
What causes the sea level to rise
1. As air temperatures rise (due to climate change) the water in the oceans is warmed and expands. This process is called thermal expansion.
than 100 million people—live in coastal counties. Coastal states with large areas of low-lying land, including Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina, California, and South Carolina, are particularly vulnerable to rising seas and coastal storm surges. The risks to coastal states include:
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Saltwater intrusion. Saltwater can reach further into coastal groundwater sources as sea level rises, increasing the salinity of freshwater used for drinking and agriculture.
5
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Permanent inundation. Many lowlying coastal land areas are expected to be gradually submerged by rising sea levels. A rise of two feet above today's sea level would put more than $1 trillion of property and structures in the U.S. at risk of inundation, with 6
2. As ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase the amount of water in the oceans.
2
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Rising sea levels put our coasts at risk Roughly a third of the U.S. population—more
3
Consequences of the Rise oLeabharlann Baidu Sea Levels
Shoreline erosion and degradation. Rising sea levels allow waves to penetrate further inland, even during calm conditions, increasing the potential for erosion.
8
My estimate for the sea to rise in China and
around the world
The central estimates for sea level rise in Table 10.7 are smaller than the TAR model means (Church et al., 2001) by 0.03 to 0.07 m, depending on scenario, for two reasons. First, these projections are for 2090-2099, whereas the TAR projections were for 2100. Second, the TAR included some small constant additional contributions to sea level rise which are omitted here (see below regarding permafrost). If the TAR model means are
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Amplified storm surges. Coastal storms often cause storm surges, which occur when high winds push water inland. With rising seas, storm surges occur on top of an elevated water level and reach farther inland, with potentially catastrophic damage to homes and
7
My estimate for the sea to rise in China and
around the world
Length records form the only direct evidence of glacier change that has potential global coverage before 1950. We calculate a globally representative signal from 349 glacier length records. By means of scaling, we deduce a global glacier volume signal, that is calibrated on the mass-balance and geodetic observations of the period 1950–2005. We find that the glacier contribution to sea-level rise was 8.4 ± 2.1 cm for the period 1800–2005 and 9.1 ± 2.3 cm for
The Rising of the Sea Level
1
What causes the sea level to rise
1. As air temperatures rise (due to climate change) the water in the oceans is warmed and expands. This process is called thermal expansion.
than 100 million people—live in coastal counties. Coastal states with large areas of low-lying land, including Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina, California, and South Carolina, are particularly vulnerable to rising seas and coastal storm surges. The risks to coastal states include:
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Saltwater intrusion. Saltwater can reach further into coastal groundwater sources as sea level rises, increasing the salinity of freshwater used for drinking and agriculture.
5
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Permanent inundation. Many lowlying coastal land areas are expected to be gradually submerged by rising sea levels. A rise of two feet above today's sea level would put more than $1 trillion of property and structures in the U.S. at risk of inundation, with 6
2. As ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase the amount of water in the oceans.
2
Consequences of the Rise of Sea Levels
Rising sea levels put our coasts at risk Roughly a third of the U.S. population—more
3
Consequences of the Rise oLeabharlann Baidu Sea Levels
Shoreline erosion and degradation. Rising sea levels allow waves to penetrate further inland, even during calm conditions, increasing the potential for erosion.
8
My estimate for the sea to rise in China and
around the world
The central estimates for sea level rise in Table 10.7 are smaller than the TAR model means (Church et al., 2001) by 0.03 to 0.07 m, depending on scenario, for two reasons. First, these projections are for 2090-2099, whereas the TAR projections were for 2100. Second, the TAR included some small constant additional contributions to sea level rise which are omitted here (see below regarding permafrost). If the TAR model means are