虚拟语气1

一.定义：语气有三种：_________；_________和________：陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法

或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。虚拟语气：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议、空想等。

二．用法：

(一)：虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的运用：

条件句有_____条件句和________(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：

If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。( )

If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。()

若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。如果我是你，我就好好学习英语。________________________________________________

如何他有时间,他就出席会议了.___________________________________________________

二、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：

If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。

如果你昨天来了,你就会见到他了._______________________________________________

三、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?

If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。

如果你明天来了,我们就开会._____________________________________________________ 如果明天下雨,就取消运动会._____________________________________________________ 注意: 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，

1.虚拟倒装句：

省略if的虚拟从句结构: 从句省略if,用部分倒装句式“were, had, should+主语”

If I were in school again, I would work harder.___________________________________________ If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him.____________________________________ If there should be a meeting tomorrow, I would come._____________________________________ 2. 错综条件句：即当条件状语表示和主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时,则主从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式

1)If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.(过去---现在) 2)If she had arrived home this morning,she might see her dying father this afternoon.(过去/将来)

3)If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.(现在--过去)

4)If he were here now, he would start off together with us tomorrow.(现在—将来)

3.若条件句中表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，则主句和从句皆用陈述语气，但应注意从句中用一般现在时表将来时

If I’m free tomorrow, I’ll go to visit my uncle.. / I won’t go if you don’t invite me.

4.在主句中，should可用于第一人称，would可用于第一，二，三人称。在从句中只用should 而不用would

(二).含蓄条件句的虚拟语气：

1.用介词短语代替条件状语从句：but for=if it were not for/If it had not been for

Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

But for (要不是) John, Jane would have fallen into water.

没有水，就没有生物________________________________________________________________ 2.分词短语having ved代替条件状语从句：

Having been given more money, we could have been to Hongkong instead of Dalian.

3. 连词的运用but, or, otherwise, or else, however, although,though…

He would gain weight, but he doesn’t eat enough. (与现在相反的情况)

He would have given you more help but he was so husy.（与过去事实相反的情况）

Einstein could have been a very rich man, but he had little concern for money.

Einstein had little concern for money, though/although he could have been a very rich man.

She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early

Suppose there were no gravitational force, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped

(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句的运用：

1.wish+宾语从句: 表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“…就好了”, “但愿…”, “可惜…”, “悔不

2)I wish you could go with us.

3)We wish we ________________(arrive) there two hours earlier.

2)I’d rather you ____________(paint) the wall green next time.

3)I’d rather she ______________(not do)that.

3.虚拟语气在名词性从句中should的情况：

1）在建议，要求，命令，想法等动词后的从句中，用主语+（should）+v.(动词原形),should可以省略

口诀:1244原则：即:一坚持insist (坚持要求);二命令order, command;四建议suggest; advise; propose; recommend; 四要求ask; require; request; demand)

1)We insist that you _____________(accept) these gifts.

2)The clerk insisted(力言,坚持说/认为) that he _______________(not steal) the money.

3)The doctor ordered that she ________________(stay) in bed for a few days.