高中英语语法之四种名词性从句及句型

四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习
◆学习宾语从句
学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在
宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。

所以学好宾语从句是必要的。

宾语从句三注意三特殊
一注意:注意引导词(连词)
由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由
一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。

Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow.
汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京
二注意:注意从句语序.
宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。

也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。

Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗?
<特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。

Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry?
你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？
<特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。

Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。

◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。

只是不能用if, that 不可省;)
(一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。

(二)，主语从句的特点
1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用;
1)、陈述句用that。

2)、一般疑问句用whether。

3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。

2.以it为形式主语出现
Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round.
That the earth is round is true.
2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether.
It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not.
Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.
3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。

Why didn't he come?
Why he didn't come is not known.
（三）特殊疑问词变化
Whoever=no matter who=any one who
Whomever=no matter who=any one who
Whoseever=no matter whose=any one whose
Whichever=no matter which=any one which
Whatever=no matter what=anything that
What=先行词+which/that
◆同位语从句
(一)、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
1、在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句;所用连词与宾语从句(除不能用if)和主语从句相同
2、连词
1)、陈述句用that。

2)、一般疑问句用whether.
3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, ho等词引导。

3、常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report,
explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

换言之，同位
语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

例: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school他们比赛获胜
的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

析: they had won the gan说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

.
(二)、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。

(即that不充当任何成分，只起
连接作用)
例:
The general gave the order that the soldiers should Cross the river at once
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析: the soldiers should cross the river at o显the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此
应用that引导同位语从句。

2.如一般疑问句whether做同位语从句的连词，译成"是否" (if 不能引导同位语从句)。

例: We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time我们将讨论运
动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析: the sports meeting will be held on tim般疑问句做同位语从句，原句为: Will the sports meeting be held on time?
3.如同位语是特殊疑问句做同位语从句，连词就应用when,where,how等疑问词引导
例1: I have no idea when he will be back.
析: when he will be back原句为When will he be back?
例2: I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:How did he go home是原句，连词就How.
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。

如: The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想到敌人可能
已经逃出城了。

(三)、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。

同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均
不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系, 且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。

区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成-一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。

如: The report that he was going to resign was false.
他将辞职的传闻是假的。

因为the report was that he was going to resign句意通顺，所以that he was going to resig显同位语从句。

表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。

2、引导表语从句的词有从属连词(所用连词与宾语从句(除不能用if) .
和主语从句相同、同位语从句相同)，不同之处还可用because,As if;as though引导。

1)、陈述句用that。

2)、一般疑问句用whether。

3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how
That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略
4、陈述句做表语从句连词that，that 在引导表语从句时无词义。

.
一.般疑问句用whether引导，whether 有词义，意为、“是否”。

这时
主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题), trouble(麻烦), problem(问题), result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。

表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

5、由疑问词引导的表语从句。

who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，疑问代词不能省略。

6、由连词because, as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

(1) I don't know _________or not
A. whether he is at home
B.if he Is at home
Cthat he is at home
D.whether is he at home
(2) This depends on t_________he weather is .fine
A. which
B.whether
C. if
D. that
(3) The teacher asked the new student_________class he was in
A. which
B.where
C. if
D. that
(4) I don't know_________Mr Green will come to see us.He 'll help us with our English
A.why
B. when
C.how
D. where
(5)Be careful!
Don't break the bottles Do you hear_________I said? David?
Yes,Mum
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. if
类型二:宾语从句的语序一陈述句语序
(1)Did you find out________?
A.she was looking for whose child
B.whose child was she looking for
C.whose child she is looking for
D. whose child she was looking for
(2)Are you interested in________?
A.how did he do it
B.he did It how
C.how he did it
D.he how did it
( 3)I don't know ________Can you tell me?
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C.the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
(4)--- What did the scientist say?
---He said he wondered if________ into space by spaceship one day
A. he had to fly
B. he could fly
C. can he fly
D. could he fly
(5)Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me
A. Where the bank nearest
B. where is the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank is
D. the nearest bank is where
类型三:时态
(1) It's 7: 30. I can't believe you___ cooking dinner , yet Sally.
A. haven't started
B. didn't
C. don't start
D hadn't started
(2)The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________Christmas Day
A. is
B. was
C.has been
D. will be .
(3)The teacher said that the earth________round the. sun
A. goes .
B. go
C. went
D. will go
( 4)We 'd like to tell you that you________the exam
A. have passed
B. had passed
C. pass .
D. will pass ，
( 5)“Could you tell me________?“Yes They ________to the library"
A. where are the twins have been
B.where were the twins have been
C. where the twins are have gone
D,
where the twins were have gone
类型一: ABABA
类型二DCDBC
类型三AAAAC
延伸阅读：
英语中只由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。

它的五种基本句型结构分别是：
一、主语+谓语（不及物动词）（SV型）
The rain stopped. They are talking.
二、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（SVO型）
. My mother is watching TV.
三、主语+连系动词+表语（SVP型）
The book is new. Betty looks very beautiful.
四、主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVID型）
I'll buy him a new watch. She showed me all her pictures.
五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC型）
We often heard them laugh. John told me to do that again
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一：S V （主＋谓）
二：S V P （主＋系＋表）
三：S V O （主＋谓＋宾）
四：S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
S │V （不及物动词）
1. │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

S │V（是系动词）│P (am,is,are,smell,feel,taste,sound,fall,grow,turn)
1. This │is │这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different.一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮(svp)
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了
S │V（及物动词）│O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误
S │V（及物）│o（多指人）│O（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself│a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband│a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you│a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him│my pictures.我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car│a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him│that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

5.S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。

宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词
him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格+ 分词
a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一：S V （主＋谓）
二：S V P （主＋系＋表）
三：S V O （主＋谓＋宾）
四：S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
S │V （不及物动词）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

S │V（是系动词）│P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了
S │V（及物动词）│O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误
S │V（及物）│o（多指人）│O（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。

宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，
它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格+ 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。