氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响

第27卷 第4期2008年 8月

大豆科学SOYBEAN SC I E NCE

Vo l 127 No 14Aug .

2008

氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响

收稿日期:2008-03-17

作者简介:王政(1982-),男,硕士,主要从事大豆高产生理研究。E-ma i :l ch i n chris @ 。通讯作者:姜德锋,教授。E-m ai:l dfji ang0535@ 。

王 政,高瑞凤,李文香,倪永君,姜德锋

(青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109)

摘 要:合理施肥能明显改善大豆生长状况并提高产量,但山东地区大豆生产中不施肥、肥料施用配比不合理现象较为普遍。为了探明该地区大豆高产施肥中氮磷钾最佳配比用量,通过大田试验,采用/34140肥料试验设计和亚有限大豆品种辽豆11,研究了氮磷钾肥配合施用对大豆植株干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:大豆生长过程中,植株地上部干物质不断增加,植株各部分之间干物质分配比例呈动态变化;不同处理N 、P 2O 5和K 2O 的累积量之间及与干物质的积累量之间呈极显著线性关系,大豆对N 、P 2O 5、K 2O 吸收比例为2.89B 1.00B 1.75;氮磷钾肥配合施用显著提高大豆产量,各施肥处理产量较不施肥处理增产27.9%~43.2%;大豆高产最佳肥料配比用量N 50.0kg #h m -2,P 2O 5105.0kg #h m -2,K 2O 90.0kg #h m -2和3种肥料施用比例N B P 2O 5B K 2O =1B 2.1B 1.8可作为该地区大豆生产氮磷钾肥配施参考依据。关键词:大豆;氮肥;磷肥;钾肥

中图分类号:S565.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-9841(2008)04-0588-05

E ffect of N itrogen ,Phosphorus and Potassi u m Fertilizer Co mbi ned Applicati on

on Dry M atter A ccu m ul ati on and Y iel d of Soybean

WANG Zheng ,GAO Ru-i feng ,LIW en -x iang ,N I Y ong -j u n ,JI A NG De -feng

(Q i ngdao Agri cu lt u ralUn ivers i ty ,Q i ngdao 266109,Shandong ,Ch i na)

Abstrac t :M uch research show ed that rati onal applicati on o f fertilizer could i m prove the grow th and enhance y i e l d of soybean si gnificantly .Shandong prov i nce i s one o fm ost i m po rtant soybean producti on area o fCh i na ,bu t the proble m s o f no -fertili zer and irrati onal fertili zati on i n soybean producti on are w ide l y ex istent ,so the fertilizer app licati on i n t h is area has positive si g -n ificance t o enhance the soybean y i e l d .Prev i ous st udy mo st focused on si ng l e or t wo k i nds o f nitrogen (N ),phosphorus (P 2O 5)and po tassiu m (K 2O )fertili ze r comb i ned app licati on ,and there w as less research on comb i ned applica ti on o f a ll the three k i nds o f fertili zer .Soybeans cu lti var L iaodou 11and field exper i m ent was adopted i n spri ng of 2006and 2007year .T he e ffect of N,P 2O 5and K 2O fertilizer comb i ned applica ti on on dry m atter accu m ulation and y i e ld of soybean w ere stud i ed used /34140fertilizer exper i m ent desi gn i n orde r to obta i n opti m u m ra tio o f t he three k i nds o f fertilize r for h i gh y ield soybean produc ti on .D ry m atter o f soybean plant above ground i ncreased constantl y and of different pa rt o f p lant sho w ed dyna m ic change during t he grow t h period o f soybean .S i gnificantl y pos itive corre l ations ex i sted be t w een accu m ulati on amoun t o f N,P 2O 5and K 2O,wh i ch also s i gnificantl y po siti ve related w it h the dry m atter accu m ulation a m ount and t he assi m ilation rati o o f N,P 2O 5and K 2O w as 2.89B 1.00B 1.75.Co m bi ned app licati on o f n itrogen ,phosphorus and po tassi u m fertili ze r cou l d i m prov e the y ield o f soybean si gn ifi cantl y by 27.9%-43.2%.The dosage o f N 50.0kg #hm -2,P 2O 5105.0kg #h m -2and K 2O 9010kg #h m -2(N B P 2O 5B K 2O =1B 2.1B 1.8)w as opti m u m ratio of the three ki nds o f fertilize rs f o r the higher y ield i n soy -bean production i n exper i m ent area .

K ey word s :Soybean ;N itrogen Fertilizer ;Phosphorus Fe rtilizer ;Po tassiu m F ertili zer

氮磷钾对大豆生长发育及产量形成具有重要影响。豆科植物共生固氮作用只能满足豆科植物50%左右的氮素需求

[1]

。大豆生长前期施氮对提高总固氮量是有利的,而且,施氮对植株利用土壤氮有正激发效应

[2]

。基肥施入氮肥在大豆生育后期

仍有部分残存,因此可以提高荚果对氮的吸收[3]

。