汽机培训教材(PPT 34张)

喀北电站汽机资料
喀北电站汽机资料


随着机组负荷的不断提高，高中压缸两端的压力逐渐增加，但因 “C”腔室与2号低压加热器(JD2)相连，所以高中压汽封的“A”腔 室始终保持送汽状态；由于低压缸压力仍保持一定的真空状态， 所以低压汽封的“A”腔室始终保持送汽状态。当除氧器能供汽时， 则切到正常运行系统，即由除氧器来供汽(见图2)。 With a continuous increase of the load of the steam turbine, the pressures at both ends of HP and IP cylinder will gradually increase. As the “C” chamber is connected to the 2# LP heater (JD2), so the “A” chambers in HP and IP cylinder is always kept in a steam-supplying state. Due to the LP cylinder being maintained at a vacuum state, the “A” chamber of LP gland seals is always kept in a steam-supplying state. When the deaerator has an ability to supply steam, the normal operation system shall be put into service, i.e. supplying steam by the deaerator (see Fig.2).
喀北电站汽机资料
GLAND SEAL SYSTEM
喀北电站汽机资料


在汽轮机转子穿过外缸的部位，必须采取措施用以防止外部空气 漏入汽缸，从而影响排汽缸的真空，同时也必须防止汽缸内蒸汽 漏出汽缸，漏入前轴承箱容易造成油中带水，漏至汽机房破坏汽 机房环境。汽轮机的汽封系统就是为了完成这一功能而设置的。 Measures must be taken at the portions where the turbine rotor passes through the outer casing to prevent the air leakage from outside into the casing and affect the vacuity of the exhaust hood. In the meantime, the steam inside the casing must also be prevented from its leakage to the outside, especially, to the front bearing box to lead to a mixing of the lubrication oil with water and to the turbine house to deteriorate its environmental conditions. The gland seal system of a steam turbine is furnished just for such a purpose.
喀北电站汽机资料
喀北电站汽机资料


蒸汽压力温度控制装置 Steam Pressure and Temp Controller 在汽轮机启动和低负荷运行状态下（一般低于40%负荷），辅助汽源经过轴封压力调节阀减 压及喷水减温调节阀控制的减温器减温后，向汽封母管供蒸汽。随着负荷不断提高(约40%负 荷左右)，当除氧器的汽平衡室压力建立起来时，则切换到正常运行系统，即由除氧器来供汽。 供汽母管配有热电偶及压力变送器(设计院选配)，母管的温度和压力变化是通过与其相连的 热电偶和压力变送器传递的，信号传到主控制室，由主控制室DCS系统完成对调节阀的温度 和压力控制。 Under the condition of the steam turbine operating in the startup state and at a low load (generally lower than 40% of the rated load), the auxiliary steam source shall supply steam to the gland seal steam mainline after the steam pressure has been reduced by the gland seal steam pressure regulating valve and the steam temperature has been desuperheated by an attemperator controlled by the water spray desuperheating regulating valve. With a continuous increase of the load (to about 40% of the rated load), when a steam pressure is established in the steam equilibrium chamber of the deaerator, the normal operation system shall be put into operation, i.e. the steam to the gland seals shall be supplied by the deaerator. The steam supply mainline shall be equipped with thermocouples and pressure transmitters (selected by an electric-power designing institute). The signals showing the change of steam temperature and pressure in the mainline are transmitted by the thermocouples and pressure transmitters to the main control room and then the DCS control system shall exercise a control over the steam temperature and pressure by use of the regulating valve based on the signals.
喀北电站汽机资料



来自百度文库
转子汽封 Gland Seal of Rotor 在汽缸两端装有汽封体和汽封圈，汽封圈上汽封齿环绕转子，表面仅留有为防止 在运行过程中发生接触的间隙。 Gland casings and sealing rings are equipped at both ends of the cylinder and the teeth on the seal rings surround the rotor with a clearance being kept to prevent any contact between the said teeth and the rotor surface during the turbine in operation. 在汽轮机启动时，凝汽器抽真空，汽缸内的压力低于大气压力，供至“A”腔室的 汽封蒸汽在一侧通过汽封漏入汽轮机汽缸内，在另一侧漏入“B”腔室，汽封抽汽 器正常运行，使“B”腔室维持压力稍低于大气压力，因而空气通过端汽封漏入“B” 腔室，形成汽气混合物，通过一个与汽封抽汽器相连的接口，从“B”腔室被抽出。 (见图1) During startup of the steam turbine, the condenser is evacuated and the pressure in the cylinders is lower than the atmospheric pressure. The steam supplied to the “A” chamber of the gland seal is leaked to the cylinder of the turbine at one side and to “B” chamber at another side. If the air ejector for the gland seals is in normal operation to maintain the pressure in “B” chamber slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure, the air is leaked into the “B” chamber through the gland seal at the end, forming a steam and air mixture. Then the mixture is evacuated from “B” chamber via a port connected with the air ejector for the gland seals (see Fig.1).
喀北电站汽机资料
Steam seal cooler
辅助蒸汽 母管
喀北电站汽机资料
Steam seal cooler
汽 封 系 统 图
喀北电站汽机资料
Steam seal cooler
喀北电站汽机资料

本系统是高低压分开供汽的汽封系统. The present system is a gland seal system capable of supplying steam to HP and LP cylinder separately developed .
喀北电站汽机资料


系统中主要设备有：高压轴封供汽调节站、低压轴封供汽调节站、高压 喷水减温调节站、低压喷水减温调节站、各种截止阀、疏水阀等，连同 汽封冷却器、疏水扩容器等设备，共同构成了该机组汽封系统。该系统 能够维持汽封供汽母管的压力在0.107～0.11MPa(A)之间，供汽温度在 121～150℃之间，控制部分可根据实际情况接入控制室，通过DCS系统 调节各执行机构动作。 The system mainly includes the following main equipment items: HP gland seal steam supply regulating station, LP gland seal steam supply regulating station, HP water spray desuperheating regulating station, LP water spray desuperheating regulating station, various cut-off valves and drain valves, gland seal coolers and drain flask tanks etc. It can exercise a function of maintaining the steam pressure inside the gland seal steam supply mainline between 0.107 Mpa and 0.11 Mpa, the steam temperature between 121℃ and 150 ℃. The control signals can be sent to the control room according to the specific cases and then control the action of various actuators through the DCS system.