语言和大脑languageandbrain课件
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▪ Wernicke’s area (a nearby area adjacent to the part of the cortex脑皮层 )—— responsible for language processing.
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If they suffered brain damage to the language areas, brain plasticity in childhood would allow other areas of the brain to take over the language functions of the damaged areas, but beyond a certain age, normal language would not be possible.
▪ Language activity is not localized, but core linguistic processes are typically in the left hemisphere.
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
/p/503239744
phonology
meaningful but is nonvneornblianlguistic in nature
morphology
Visuospatial information （视觉空间的信息）
syntax
intonation（语调）
Function words and inflections虚词和词形变 化
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Critical Period Hypothesis(关键期假说)
——Lenneberg
children had only a limited number of years to acquire their L1 flawlessly.
How Is the Brain Organized for 文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。 MБайду номын сангаасltiple Languages?
▪ Possibility: multiple languages may be represented in different locations in the brain and/or have different networks of activation.
▪ The typical distribution of primary functions is probably due to the left hemisphere’s being more powerful than the right and therefore better suited for processing the highly complex elements of language.
Tone system声调系统
Nonliteral meaning and ambiguity（非字面意思 和语义模糊）
Many pragmatic abilities 语用能力
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Notes:
▪ Hemispheric specialization for language is the same regardless of whether the language is spoken or not.
Principal Communicative Specialization 文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
of L and R HemiRsepfehretoremovement
Left hemisphere
Right hewmhiiscphhmearey be
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
▪ Language is represented primarily in the left half of the brain within an area around the sylvian fissure (a cleavage separating lobes in the brain-大脑侧裂)
▪ There is increased specialization as the brain matures and has less plasticity（可 塑性）.
[note]: plasticity: According to Lenneberg, before the end of the critical period, both hemispheres are involved to some extent in language and one can take over if the other is damaged. This neurological flexibility is called brain plasticity .
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Two Major Areas of the Human Brain
▪ Broca’s area （an area in the left frontal lobe左半脑额叶)—— responsible for the ability to speak.
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lateralization (脑部的偏侧优势)
▪ Specialization of the two halves of the brain is known as lateralization, and is present to some extent in infancy.
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
If they suffered brain damage to the language areas, brain plasticity in childhood would allow other areas of the brain to take over the language functions of the damaged areas, but beyond a certain age, normal language would not be possible.
▪ Language activity is not localized, but core linguistic processes are typically in the left hemisphere.
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
/p/503239744
phonology
meaningful but is nonvneornblianlguistic in nature
morphology
Visuospatial information （视觉空间的信息）
syntax
intonation（语调）
Function words and inflections虚词和词形变 化
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Critical Period Hypothesis(关键期假说)
——Lenneberg
children had only a limited number of years to acquire their L1 flawlessly.
How Is the Brain Organized for 文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。 MБайду номын сангаасltiple Languages?
▪ Possibility: multiple languages may be represented in different locations in the brain and/or have different networks of activation.
▪ The typical distribution of primary functions is probably due to the left hemisphere’s being more powerful than the right and therefore better suited for processing the highly complex elements of language.
Tone system声调系统
Nonliteral meaning and ambiguity（非字面意思 和语义模糊）
Many pragmatic abilities 语用能力
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Notes:
▪ Hemispheric specialization for language is the same regardless of whether the language is spoken or not.
Principal Communicative Specialization 文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
of L and R HemiRsepfehretoremovement
Left hemisphere
Right hewmhiiscphhmearey be
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
▪ Language is represented primarily in the left half of the brain within an area around the sylvian fissure (a cleavage separating lobes in the brain-大脑侧裂)
▪ There is increased specialization as the brain matures and has less plasticity（可 塑性）.
[note]: plasticity: According to Lenneberg, before the end of the critical period, both hemispheres are involved to some extent in language and one can take over if the other is damaged. This neurological flexibility is called brain plasticity .
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
Two Major Areas of the Human Brain
▪ Broca’s area （an area in the left frontal lobe左半脑额叶)—— responsible for the ability to speak.
文档仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿；如有不当之处，请联系网站或本人删除。
lateralization (脑部的偏侧优势)
▪ Specialization of the two halves of the brain is known as lateralization, and is present to some extent in infancy.