猪的解剖步骤

准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 死猪是容易得到的， 剖检死猪也可得到有 用的资料Dead pigs are most
available and may yield useful information, however
病死猪
A pig that died because of disease
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尸体剖检技术
胆囊 Gall bladder
Postmortem Techniques
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
• 检查肝脏，如果要 采集病料，切除肝 脏Examine the liver, cut and
remove if specimens are to be collected
the tonsils and trachea 扁桃体（T）的检查 Examination of the tonsils(T)
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
呼吸道的检查Examination of the Respiratory Tract
• 从“干净”的器 官开始Begin with the
分离头两条肋骨 Separating the first two ribs
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 用手将胸腔扩张开
Manually spread the chest cavity open
• 检查浆膜表面粘连和 体液渗出情况Inspect the
of inflammation
结肠 Colon
• 观察肠系膜淋巴结肿 大情况Look for signs of
enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes
结肠袢的检查 Examination of the spiral colon
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
肾 Kidney
• 检查切开并取出肾 脏和膀胱Examine, cut, and
remove the kidneys and urinary bladder
尸体剖检步骤
Begin postmortem procedure
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尸体剖检步骤
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 从两侧腹股沟切至 会阴Incise from inguinal
region to perineum on both sides,
• 在呼吸道或部分呼 吸道被切除前，检 查扁桃体The tonsils can be
T
examined before the respiratory tract is removed, or as part of the intact tract
• 观察扁桃体及气管 炎症Look for inflammation of
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
• 检查胃的外表面Examine
the external surfaces of the stomach
胃 Stomach
• 切开胃，观察炎症和 溃疡Open the stomach, look for
signs of inflammation and ulceration
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
• 检查回肠和盲肠的外 表面Examine external surfaces of
the ileum and cecum
• 观察肠系膜淋巴结肿 胀情况Look for signs of
enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes
肝脏 Liver
• 观察肝脏表面肿大 或出血情况Look for
signs of enlargement or hemorrhage on the surfaces of this important organ
肝脏的检查 Examination of the liver
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尸体剖检技术
I
L
Postmortem Techniques
打开胸腔（C） Opening the thoracic cavity(C)
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 继续切至尾部 ，打开胸腔
Continue the incision caudally, opening the abdominal cavity
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
• 检查结肠外表面Examine
the external surfaces of the colon, then open the lumen
• 打开肠腔，观察炎症 情况Open the lumen, look for signs
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 小心打开胸腔Open the
thoracic cavity carefully
• 观察心、肺周围粘 连及体液渗出情况
C
Observe for signs of adhesions and excess fluid around the heart and lungs
lung for firmness and consistency
• 沿气管切开肺脏， 检查肺部实质Slice
into the lung, across airways, looking for areas of consolidation 心和肺的检查 Examination of the heart and lungs
• 慢性病猪的原发病原 可能会被继发病原所 掩盖Primary causes of disease
may be overshadowed by secondary agents in pigs that have chronic disease
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
• 通常剖检多个尸体， 以确定主要病变是一 致的Usually multiple carcasses are
opened until it is clear that the predominant lesions are consistently present in all pigs
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尸体剖检技术
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尸体剖检技术
肺 Lungs 心脏 Heart
Postmortem Techniques
心和肺的检查Examination of the Heart and Lungs
• 打开心房，检查瓣 膜Open heart chambers, examine
the valves
• 按压肺脏，以检查 硬度和密度Palpate the
打开胸腔 Opening the abdominal cavity
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 从腹中线切 开头两条肋 骨Cut between the first
two ribs, on the mid-line
• 抓住颌骨下 方皮肤Make a
handle from the skin under the chin, and
• 从胸骨下穿 过肋软骨关 节切开Incise
抓住皮肤 Creating a “handle” below breastbone through costochondral junctions
检查胃壁 Examination of the stomach lining
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniq源自文库es
C
回肠（I）盲肠（C）和肠 系膜淋巴结（L）的检查 Examination of the ileum(I), cecum (C) and mesenteric lymph nodes(L)
• 切除整个消化道Remove
the entire digestive tract
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
“clean” organs first
• 将整个呼吸道及 舌、扁桃体一起 切开Remove the entire
respiratory tract intact, with tongue and tonsils attached 切下全部的呼吸道 The respiratory tract is removed intact
• 观察出血或脓肿
Look for signs of hemorrhage or abscesses
肾脏的检查 Examination of the kidney
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尸体剖检步骤
Postmortem Techniques
腹腔器官的检查Examination of the Abdominal Organs
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 将猪腹面朝上Place the pig
lying on its back,
• 然后从两侧腋下切至 颌骨Incise from axilla to between
jawbones on both sides
猪的肠道疾病--尸体解剖检查步骤
Enteric Diseases of Swine --Postmortem Techniques
Kent J. Schwartz, DVM MS
© 1999 Pharmacia & Upjohn Company
尸体解剖技术Postmortem Techniques
the pig lying on its back,
• 分开四肢All four limbs
are detached and the carcass will not roll over
分开四肢 All limbs are detached
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尸体剖检工作
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 在髋臼处分离两侧 股骨Free femur from the
acetabulum on both sides.
分离髋关节 Spreading the hip joints
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尸体剖检工作
Postmortem Techniques
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 将猪腹部朝上With
serosal surfaces for evidence of adhesions or excess fluids
打开胸腔 Opening the chest cavity
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尸体剖检技术
Postmortem Techniques
呼吸道的检查Examination of the Respiratory Tract
准备工作Preparing for the Examination
• 理想的是屠宰急性病 猪，以检查主要病原
It is desirable to euthanize acutely affected pigs to detect primary
pathogens
刚刚屠宰的病猪
Freshly euthanized pig
脾 Spleen
• 检查脾脏，如果要 采集病料，切除脾 脏Examine spleen, cut and
remove if specimens are to be collected
• 观察脾表面肿大或 出血情况Look for signs of
enlargement or hemorrhage on the surface 脾脏的检查 Examination of the spleen