英文论文关于(儿子与情人 )sons and lovers
儿子与情人英文读后感
儿子与情人英文读后感After reading "Sons and Lovers" by D.H. Lawrence, I was deeply moved by the complex and intense relationships portrayed in the novel. The story revolves around the protagonist, Paul Morel, and his relationships with his mother, Gertrude, and his lover, Miriam. The novel delves into the intricacies of love, family dynamics, and the struggle for independence.The relationship between Paul and his mother, Gertrude, is central to the novel. Gertrude is a strong and domineering woman who is deeply devoted to her son. She is overbearing and suffocating, and her love for Paul borders on possessiveness. This intense bond between mother and son has a profound impact on Paul's romantic relationships, as he struggles to break free from his mother's influence and establish his own identity.On the other hand, Paul's relationship with Miriam is equally complex. Miriam is deeply in love with Paul, but heis unable to reciprocate her feelings in the same way. Their relationship is fraught with tension and misunderstandings, and they are unable to bridge the gap between them. Paul's inability to fully commit to Miriam is in part due to his deep emotional attachment to his mother, which creates a barrier between him and his lover.As I read the novel, I was struck by the powerful portrayal of the Oedipal complex and the impact it has on Paul's relationships. The novel explores the psychological struggle of a young man torn between his love for his mother and his desire for independence and romantic fulfillment. Lawrence's vivid and evocative prose brings to life the inner turmoil and emotional conflicts that Paul experiences as he grapples with his conflicting loyalties.The novel also offers a poignant exploration of the complexities of love and the ways in which it can both enrich and complicate our lives. Paul's relationships with both his mother and Miriam are marked by deep emotional intensity, and the novel delves into the profound impact that love can have on our sense of self and ourrelationships with others. The novel's exploration of the complexities of human emotions and relationships is both thought-provoking and deeply moving.In conclusion, "Sons and Lovers" is a powerful and emotionally resonant novel that delves into thecomplexities of love, family, and the struggle for independence. The novel's exploration of the Oedipal complex and its impact on Paul's relationships is both compelling and thought-provoking. Lawrence's vivid and evocative prose brings to life the inner turmoil and emotional conflicts that Paul experiences, and the novel offers a poignant exploration of the complexities of human emotions and relationships. I was deeply moved by thenovel's powerful portrayal of love and the ways in which it can both enrich and complicate our lives. Overall, "Sonsand Lovers" is a deeply affecting and thought-provoking novel that offers a profound exploration of the human heart.。
Sons and Lovers(summary)
Sons and Lovers09英语（3）班2009151312 夏孝敏Sons and Lovers is regarded as the first significant work of wrence, which mainly talks about the life story between a son and his mother along with the complicated love within them, knowing as Oedipus complex.The Morels lived in a mining town in countryside. And the life in this family was very unhappy, as the master’s temper was so grumpy and he always went out to enjoy himself, even running out of the household expenses. In that way, the family’s hostess, Mrs. Moral was upset about it, and she transferred her affections from her husband to her children. And that was the situation in which the novel’s hero, Paul grew up.At the beginning, Mrs. Moral put her heart only to her first son, William who was diligent and intelligent, doing well in school and finding jobs easily. But later, something heartrending happened to Mrs. Moral for her lovely eldest son caught pneumonia and died on account of having spent too much time on his work. At that time, Paul began to play a very important role in Mrs. Moral’s life.As a sensitive and emotional person, Paul had had a special sympathy for his mother and a strong antipathy toward his miner father ever since he was a little kid. And now, he was a young man who wanted to help his mother to reduce the heavy burdens of the family. So he tried to care for and company his mother as much as he can. Step by step, thelove between the son and his mother was becoming deeper and deeper, even they were almost inseparable.When Paul grew older, he got a job at Thomas Jordan's, a surgical appliances factory and stroked a friendship with Miriam, who was a chaste and religious girl. As time went by, the affection of Paul to Miriam became stronger, but they never approach physical intimacy, even they know they loved with each other. Unfortunately, this relationship was broken at last, for Mrs. Morel bitterly disliked Miriam, as in her view Miriam took all of Paul's energy, desire, and feelings with nothing left of him for her. However, in a short while, Paul grew attracted to Clara, an older, sensual woman separated from her husband. Although, this time, Mrs. Moral disliked this girl who was loved by his son with the same feeling toward Miriam, Paul still continued the sexual relationship with Clara, until Clara unexpectedly declared that her husband had treated her with more respect and had loved her more than Paul ever did.During the period in which Paul had relationship with Clara, Mrs. Moral fell gravely ill because of a tumor. Knowing that she is prolonging her death to live for Paul, Paul and his sister fear that she will live longer than she can emotionally survive. They cannot stand to see their beloved mother live in such pain that they give her an extra dosage of morphine. And Mrs. Morel died.After Mrs. Moral’s dead, Paul felt lost and suicidal. But when hethought about the bond he shared with his mother, he changed his mind and believed that their love was still alive in him, even though his mother had died.。
儿子与情人
Sons and Lovers— Overall SummaryThe first part of the novel focuses on Mrs. Morel and her unhappy marriage to a drinking miner. She has many arguments with her husband, some of which have painful results: on separate occasions, she is locked out of the house and hit in the head with a drawer. Estranged from her husband, Mrs. Morel takes comfort in her four children, especially her sons. Her oldest son, William, is her favorite, and she is very upset when he takes a job in London and moves away from the family. When William sickens and dies a few years later, she is crushed, not even noticing the rest of her children until she almost loses Paul, her second son, as well. From that point on, Paul becomes the focus of her life, and the two seem to live for each other.Paul falls in love with Miriam Leivers, who lives on a farm not too far from the Morel family. They carry on a very intimate, but purely platonic, relationship for many years. Mrs. Morel does not approve of Miriam, and this may be the main reason that Paul does not marry her. He constantly wavers in his feelings toward her.Paul meets Clara Dawes, a suffragette who is separated from her husband, through Miriam. As he becomes closer with Clara and they begin to discuss his relationship with Miriam, she tells him that he should consider consummating their love and he returns to Miriam to see how she feels.Paul and Miriam sleep together and are briefly happy, but shortly afterward Paul decides that he does not want to marry Miriam, and so he breaks off with her. She still feels that his soul belongs to her, and, in part agrees reluctantly. He realizes that he loves his mother most, however.After breaking off his relationship with Miriam, Paul begins to spend more time with Clara and they begin an extremely passionate affair. However, she does not want to divorce her husband Baxter, and so they can never be married. Paul’s mother falls ill and he devotes much of his time to caring for her. When she finally dies, he is broken-hearted and, after a final plea from Miriam, goes off alone at the end of the novel.。
儿子与情人英文论文
英美文学课程论文论文题目：MY ANALYSIS OF POSSESSION ANDOEDIPUS COMPLEX IN SONS ANDLOVERS----对《儿子与情人》中占有欲以及恋母情结的分析学生姓名：学号：班级：完成日期：2010年11月22日My Analysis of Possession and Oedipus complex in Sons andLoversAbstractDavid Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century. During his life-long literary career, he had written more than ten novels and several short stories. He wrote a lot of great works, one of his most popular novels is Sons and Lovers. This novel is about the life of the Morels’ family. Mr. Morel, Mrs. Morel, willwam, Paul, Miriam and Clara are the main characters in this novel. The author develops the story by portraying the relationships between these characters. But the end of the relationship is a tragedy. And nowadays we also can find this kind of tragedy there and here in the world. It’s because of the possession that cause the tragedy .This thesis will prove this view from the possession of different relationships. That’s the possession of wife to husband, the possession of mother to sons, and the possession of two girl friends to Paul and Paul's Oedipus complex to analyze the destruction of possession.Key words: Oedipus complex；tragedy；relationship；Possession对《儿子与情人》中占有欲以及恋母情结的分析摘要劳伦斯是20世纪最伟大的英国小说家之一。
儿子与情人英文读后感（范文模版）
儿子与情人英文读后感（范文模版）第一篇：儿子与情人英文读后感（范文模版）Sons and Lovers Sons and Lovers was wrence's first major novel.His only major novel, some would say;but even readers who are out of sympathy with him, or who feel that his gifts were not really those of a novelist, have usually been happy to make a wholehearted exception in this one case.It is a book that goes straight to the point, at the outset and at almost every subsequent stage.Between them his two methods leave us in no doubt where the heart of his story is to be located.Gertrude Morel is a woman of high principle, of character and refinement.Her husband is a miner who can barely read and write.Marrying him for passion, she is bitterly disappointed by his rough manners, his drinking, what she can only see as his weakness and irresponsibility.When the book opens, the marriage has already turned into a battlefield, and the love she has withdrawn from Morel is being redirected toward the first of her children.In the previous chapters, Gertrude Morel is most devoted to her eldest son William.But after he dies of a skin disease, she plunges into grief.Seeing William is gone, she rededicates her life to Paul, and this revives her.She teaches her son art, education, and social advancement.She lives for her sons and will do anything to see them make their way in the world.Mrs.Morel is terribly tired of her involvement in Paul and Miriam's relationship and decides to stop intervening.She knows that Paul is an adult now and that there is nothing she can do to stop Paul from seeing Miriam.She feels that she can never forgive her son for sacrificing himself to love Miriam.As it mentions above, Paul has begun to realize how much his mother affects hislife.Her deep love for him has made her a part of himself that when he wants to break free from his mother, he is unable to get away from her.His mother is ingrained into his very soul.That’s to say, his mother influences Paul very much, and which proves to be for worse to him.When Paul finds girlfriend, he always find the girl who takes after his mother, not only the out look but also in mental.But in fact he could not find such girl.So it lead to that he never willing to be bound to Miriam in marriage or to Clara in physical love.At last Paul has begun to realize how much his mother affects his life.Her deep love for him has made her a part of himself that when he wants to break free from his mother, he is unable to get away from her.His mother is ingrained into his very soul.T o sum up, Paul’s mother has some bad influence on him and to a large extent changes his life.第二篇：《儿子与情人》读后感《儿子与情人》是英国作家劳伦斯的第一部长篇小说。
sons and lovers儿子与情人
Sons and loversThe Bestwood locates in the boundary of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, here the story takes place. With the development of industry, more and more coalminers flood in this small village and more accommodation are built. “The houses themselves were substantial and decent” as it says, nasty alley of ash-pits and dirty yard make people fell ill.To Mrs. Morel, life here is solely …struggle with poverty and ribald‟. She was born in a middle class family, whose father and grandfather once won lots of glory. As a teacher she had been, she has a good command of knowledge and speaks Standard English. In the contrast, her husband Mr. Morel, who works in the mine since he was ten, was deprived of right to be educated. He speaks entire slang disobeying grammatical rules.At the time when Mr. Morel courted to Mrs. Morel and she married him, she never expected that all she enjoyed as a middle class would be robbed of or she would suffer from social ignorance and economical shortage. No one can deny that Mrs. Morel‟s acceding to his proposal is an act on impulse. After life betrays his real character----rudeness, addition to alcohol, no responsibility, in fact there are endless shortcomings in her eyes. When the excitement and passion fade away and Mrs. Morel wakes up to real life, she realizes to fight against to life.As a result, Mrs. Morel turns all love to her children especially two sons. She paid most attention to her first son----William at beginning. Life pushes William to leave the poor condition home for London, he‟s eager to earn a better life, which is also the dream of his mother. Life always plays joke on poor man, when everything goes smoothly, William falls in love with a …noble‟ girl who is clerk in fact. He is so absorbed in her that puts all his energy to create a wonderful life for her. Finally, William ends his life alone in an early age.And misfortunate never comes singly, the second son Paul has pneumonia dangerously. He is very ill, his mother lies in bed at nights with him and takes care of him for 7weeks. Eventually, he gets up white and fragile. At this point, Mrs. Morel puts full love on Paul, which is beyond that a mother should give to a child.The first part of novel comes to a conclusion here. In this class society, every character in the story has his\her response to the social status.Mrs. Morel, a naïve and impulsive middle class, gets a flash marriage with a miner, considering no results of being a laboring class. But regret works none, although she has a good command of language of language, as a female, there is no work position for her. Being a household wife, she can do noting change the situation. Instead, Mrs. Morel turns all his unsatisfication toward her husband, railing him, cursing him and insulting him. When people feel hopeless to themselves, they always seek console from others.William, Mrs. Morel‟s first consolation, he does gets rid of chains as born in laboring family to some degree. With his mother‟s expectation----never follow the old disastrous road his father walked, William goes London to make a living. The high salary he makes gives him a little bit confidence that he is a middle class to a certain extent. But at the moment he meets the …noble miss‟ Western, it‟s obvious his little pride is all gone. He admires her, maybe just the …identification‟, and the …social statuses‟. William is so eager to establish a intimate relation with her that he can be a an upper class in shortcut. Finally, his dream breaks up, the melancholy of laboring class goes to a deeper level.The most annoying and poor character in the novel is definitely Mr. Morel. He actually has countless immoralities, indeed, as a husband, he cleans the room and prepares lunch for wife as she‟s ready to bear a baby; as a father, he waits anxiously for William to go back home for Christmas Eve. Even if his wife complains he is …a man there‟s not five minutes of peace‟, his children all stand on mother‟s side. Being laboring class, no education or poor work condition, all those don‟t hurt him or even make sense. What‟s more harmful is that he is …alone ‟ all his life, just owned short-lived love and no-warmth family. But who can tell the reasons? No one. But he himself should be to blame. Maybe, numbness is a characteristic of laboring class, they‟re used to be suffered, and can‟t distinguish soreness at all.The next part of novel is developing around Paul, his mother, Mirian, a pride girl and a married woman, Clara.Brought up by Mrs. Morel‟s careful love, Paul grows up to a bashful and asocial boy. He goes to Willy Farm and gets familiar with the Leiver‟s, and meets the pride girl Marian. …She herself was something of princess turned into a swine girl in her own imagination‟. T he girl is romantic in her soul and inclined to be mystical, there is such a treasure religion inside her. She believes love is all from god, yearning foe pure love. In her mind, it‟s such a sacrifice if her body and soul all belong to Paul, as a result, she always keeps Paul at arm‟s length. And she is sick of sex, regarding it as filthy, she insist that the relationship between them is just …friend‟. Paul desires to be satisfied physically, however, he can‟t even touch her. He hates Marian, who refuses his proposal, although he is mentally faithful to her. Marian knows Paul‟s mind better than himself that he tries to get rid of her but in vain, she‟s just waiting him to yield to her.Not long after, Paul is captivated by married woman, Clara. Although her mature sex gives him physically satisfaction, his heart is full of Mirian.All in all, Mrs. Morel is the most important woman in his life. When Mrs. Morel recognizes that there is such a girl making her son so distracted, how can she bear that. She loves him, even regards him as her lover, what if any other woman rob him of. Anger and envy come to her.There are different conflicts on every character of the story. Mirian loves Paul, but it can‟t be called …love‟ in her mind, for the only she can give is …friendship‟. She seeks soul free, believes that love is a gift from god. Actually, she falls love in a normal man, although she denies it. She hates sex, it‟s evil and disgusting, but she longs for staying with Paul and getting close to him. Caused by all reasons, she finally loses her lover, doing nothing, she just waits him for back.It‟s so normal for a hot-blood youngster thirsting for sex, although he has an unsuitable lover. Every one sees he loves Mirian to bone that his mother is so envious to her. By saying ‟I am old ,and therefore I may stand aside, I have nothing more to do. You only want me to wait on you ---- the rest is for Mirian.‟She just wants to draw Paul‟s attention. On the other side, Paul can‟t stop his love to mother, which is beyond love between mother and son. He denies his love to Mirian is in face of Mrs. Morel,‟I don‟t love her, he murmured, bowing his head and hiding his eyes on her shoulder in misery. His mother gave him a long, fervent kiss.‟ These intimate behavior always stimulate Paul‟s mind, he loves Mrs. Morel. He even tells her one day she lives, he‟ll never find a suitable woman to marry.Some one may condemn this abnormal love, but considering in a more rational way, it‟s acceptable. In a certain situation, such as in poverty, exploited, war, people lack sense of security extremely. They look for dependants and love instinctively. As soon as they get it, they‟ll hold this life-saving straw and have a special emotion on them for the rest of their life, even if they are safe enough. When the son and mother spend those exceedingly hard days together, they‟ve been psychologically dependence to each other. Love between them is just a representation of the dependence.When Mrs. Morel suffers from cancer and goes from bad to worse. Paul feeds her milk with morphine and kills her. He fell it relaxing as if relieves of a heavy load. Since he can do nothing to save his mother or even make her feel better. It must be widest decision to relieve Mrs. Morel from physical suffering and Paul from mental torment.From loving mother to killing mother and getting rid of lover and mistress, Paul becomes a mature male. He starts a brand new life just himself.。
劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》中保罗的悲剧 论文
An Analysis of Paul's Tragedy in Sons and LoversAbstract: Sons and Lovers (1913), the masterpiece of David Herbert Lawrence, is an autobiographical psychoanalytic novel. In Sons and Lovers, the abnormal relationship between Paul and his mother is actually accord with the symptoms of “Oedipus Complex”which is a term in psychoanalysis which was made by Freud. The thesis tries to analyze Paul's tragedy from the view of “Oedipus Complex”and provides the reasons that result in Paul's “Oedipus Complex”from many aspects and the consequence of it. The thesis points out that we should pay much more attention to the psychological health of people, especially the psychological health of children.Key words: Sons and Lovers; Paul's tragedy; Oedipus complex1.Introduction1.1. Brief Introduction on Lawrence and Sons and LoversDavid Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 –2 March 1930) is an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist and one of the greatest figures in 20th-century English Literature. During his short period of literary career, he accomplished a great number of literary works. These works include 10 pieces of full-length novels, 7 pieces of medium-length novels, more than 50 pieces of short stories, and more than 1000 pieces of poems and so on.Lawrence was born in a miner's family of Eastwood Nottinghamshire on November 11th , 1885. His father Arthur John Lawrence, a barely literate miner, had a rough character and an addiction for alcohol, while his mother was a well-educated lady who was a former schoolteacher. Due to the poverty of the family and the class differences, the affection between his parents disappearing gradually. Then his mother gave all her love to him. This lopsided love, however, resulted in his relying on his mother for a long period and failed to form independent personality and perfect sex ability. It was not till the December of 1910 when his mother died of illness did he escape from this abnormal love.Sons and Lovers (1913), the third piece of the 10 pieces of full-length novels of Lawrence, is the most popular one of his novels. It is Sons and Lovers that laid his foundation of reputation as a writer and made him continuing his writing career. Sons and Lovers, the masterpiece of Lawrence, is an autobiographical novel and was written based on hisexperience of childhood and juvenile period.1.2 Literature ReviewSons and Lovers of Lawrence is one of the most controversial novels in western literature. After the novel was published, many western researchers studied the novel. They showed different attitudes toward Lawrence and his Sons and Lovers. Some researchers supported the novel and Lawrence, while others were strongly against the novel and Lawrence. T. S. Eliot, a female British writer, dislikes the sex in Sons and Lovers. She has ever said that the publishing of Sons and Lovers symbols the corruption of human beings was deepening. She and other critics criticized Sons and Lovers mainly for the sex theme in the novel. However; John Macy admires the language skills that Lawrence used in the novel. In the preface of Sons and Lovers which was published in 1992, he pointed out that this novel is master piece in which every word is wonderful. And as the Oedipus complex is one of most moving points in the novel, many foreign repay their attention to it. Since 1950, many researchers overseas tended to analyze the novel from two aspects: the language skills and the psychological view.Since Sons and Lovers were published in China, a lot of Chinese researchers have attached much attention to it. They insist that the industrial civilization damaged the relationships of Paul’s family and then leads to Paul’s tragedy. They grasped the key point to have a good understanding of the novel and tried to analyze the tragedy of Paul from three aspects: the social factors, the family factors and the Paul’s own weakness.Sons and Lovers depicted the life of the two graduations of the Morels in the early 20th century. It’s a window that we can have a good knowledge of the life of low class of the British men in the early 20th century. And Paul’s tragedy in the novel exposed the destruction of the Capitalist industrialization process toward the nature and the psychological health. Besides, in the novel, Lawrence used a great deal of psychological description. Thus, the study of the novel is meaningful.In a word, Sons and Lovers is a successful novel which paved the way for Lawrence’s successful literary performance. Both overseas and domestic researchers have done muchstudy on Sons and Lovers. They studied the novel from different aspects such as the language skills, the reasons which lead to Paul's Oedipus complex and the character analysis. This thesis will focus on Paul's tragedy, tracing the reasons that lead to it, so the reader will have a deeper understanding of Paul's tragedy and clear idea about the importance of psychological health.2. Paul's Oedipus ComplexThe Oedipus Complex of Paul was developed in a long period from his childhood to his adulthood. And it had affected not only his life but his affection affairs. The reasons include the harsh social environment, the abnormal love of his mother, Paul's own weakness.2.1 What is “Oedipus Complex”?In order to understand Paul's “Oedipus Complex”, we should give a definition of “Oedipus Complex”. Oedipus Complex means that a son loves his mother to an abnormal extent and he detests his father very much. Usually the one who has “Oedipus Complex” lives in a family without a balanced relationship among his parents and him. And he and his mother hate his father, he and his mother trend to love each other. Then he will find it difficult to love other girls for he actually love his mother.2.1.1 Origin of “Oedipus Complex”Oedipus Complex is a term in psychoanalysis which was made by Austrian psychologist, psychiatrist Freud and also one of his important theories. The term originated from the story of Oedipus in Greek mythology. Oedipus killed his father with no intention and got married with his mother.①It is said that the king of Thebe, Laius, was warned by a prophecy that predicted that he would be killed by his son. Thus, he decided to kill his son Oedipus by leaving him alone in mountains. Oedipus would had died if he hadn't been saved by a sheepherder. The sheepherder brought him to the Corinth and the king who didn't have any children adopted ①王毅.论《儿子与情人》中俄狄浦斯情结的悲剧[J].河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2001,(3).him. When he grew up, he killed his father in a dispute. At that time, the people in Thebe was in danger because Sphinx, a enchantress would kill them if they could not answer her questions. Oedipus saved the people of Thebe for he had gave a correct answer to Sphinx's questions. Then Oedipus became the king of Thebe and got married with his mother. His mother killed herself and Oedipus blinded himself after they have known all the facts.2.1.2 Freud’s Theory of “Oedipus ComplexFrom the behavior of patient who got neurosis, Sigmund Freud found that the strong jealousy to either one of the parents may produce huge destructive power. This power may result in fear and may produce perpetual obstacle and influence on personality forming. Freud judged that that phenomenon is a universal phenomenon because Freud often observed it on the patient who got neurosis. Freud found that the Oedipus complex is the core of neurosis, and based on this he tried to explain complex phenomenon in other cultures.In Totem and Taboo (1913), Freud put forward that the early sexual object of a boy in early time is his mother. He always wants to occupy the position of the father and competes with his father for his mother's love. That is the Oedipus complex. Freud thinks Oedipus complex is an important factor in the development of personality, and uses it to explain the origin of the culture and society.2.2 Reasons for Paul's “Oedipus Complex”The reasons why Paul got Oedipus Complex are very complex. There are three reasons accounting for Paul's Oedipus Complex: the influence of social background, the influence of Paul's family, and Paul's own weakness. The three reasons tangled and act on Paul all together. And the origin of Paul's Oedipus Complex is the harsh social background. The unbalanced relationship results from the social background of that time result in Paul's Oedipus Complex. And the special family of Paul deepens his Oedipus Complex. Then Paul's own weakness made him unable to escape from the control of his mother. And he was plunged into the morass of the Oedipus Complex and couldn't get out of it.2.2.1 The Influence of Social BackgroundThe story is set in Victorian era. At that time, the development of Industrial Revolution reached its peak. The industry and commerce were booming at that time. However, the development of industry and commerce affected the life of people in many aspects. First of all, a great deal of labor force was urgently needed for. More and more factories were established in England. In order to gain labor force, enclosure movement was carried out in a larger scale than before. During the 18th and 19th centuries, 4763 pieces of legislation relating to the enclosure had been approved to occupy 2.69 million hectares of arable land and public land. The English farmers lost their land and farms and had to change their life. They had to leave their land and flooded into the city to work in the factories. Their lives were miserable. The new workers had to work hard to maintain their daily life and the only thing they wanted to do is making money. They had no time to relax themselves though they were working under great pressure. They had little time to care for their family or other people.In Sons and Lovers, the disharmony relationship between Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel and the abnormal relationship between Mrs. Morel and her sons lead to Paul's and William's failing to escape from their psychological illness. The occurrence of that phenomenon is because the capitalist industrialization, the harsh working environment, tense life condition and relentless relationship distorted the inner world of people, damaged the harmony of families and harmed the physical and mental health. From this view, the broken marriage of Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel and the tragedy of Paul stemmed from the progress of industrialization.①Thus, Paul's Oedipus Complex was more or less related with the social background of that time.2.2.2 The Influence of Paul's FamilyThere were 5 members in Paul's family: Mr. Morel, Mrs. Morel, William, Anna and himself. His father Mr. Morel was a miner who had a bad temper and addiction for alcohol. His mother Mrs. Morel however is an educated lady who came from the middle class. William is his elder brother who is a handsome and brilliant boy. Anne is his younger sister. His ①徐晓晴.从《儿子与情人》中的婚姻裂变看英国工业文明的悲剧[J].安庆师范学院学报（社会科学版）,2002,(11).mother was very disappointed with the behaviors of his father after some days they have got married. She had nothing to share with her husband for they come from different classes. As a miner, the only way for his father to support the family was working hard and making much more money. And the only way his father could free himself from the great economic pressure of his big family was drinking. However, his mother who came from the middle class detested all those behaviors of his father. Then, the affection between his mother and father disappeared gradually. All the relationships in a family are closely related, all linked with one another, once one of those relationships is been damaged, all the relationship will change. Thus, one of the relationships changed, another will be changed, too.①All his mother's hopes were placed on his brother William. He was born when the marriage of his parents had broken. And after the death of William, his mother turned to Paul.Being brought up in such an abnormal family, Paul got little care from his father but too much attention from his mother. This unbalanced relationship among Paul and mother result in his Oedipus Complex. He loved his mother and relied on his mother. And his hatred towards his father distorted his psychology. He even regarded his mother as his lover. He even said, " At any rate, mother, I'll never marry", "But I shan't marry, mother, I shall live with you and we'll have a servant".②In the shadow of abnormal love of his mother, Paul lost his ability to love.③The abnormal family relationships result in his Oedipus Complex.2.2.3 The Influence of Paul's Own WeaknessApart from the influence of social background and family, Paul himself should also be responsible for his Oedipus Complex. From childhood on, Paul is especially sensitive, artistic and imaginative, and he becomes extraordinarily dependent on his mother.④It is Paul's own weakness that made Paul unable to be independent and his relying on his mother.On the one hand, Paul was sensitive to what other people felt and he especially cared about what his mother felt. He couldn't help to taking his mother's feeling into consideration before he did his own things. He tried to do whatever he could do to please his mother and①张文静.工业文明下的人际关系的扭曲----对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(8)② [英]劳伦斯.儿子与情人[M].刘一之,张金玲译.北京：中国文联出版社,1999：423.③赵渭绒.畸形母爱：生命中不能承受之重----《孔雀东南飞》与《儿子与情人》之比较[J].广西民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版),2005,(9).④谭焕新.Character Analysis on Paul Morel in Son and Lovers[J].Overseas English,2011,(2).avoid doing the things which would hurt her feelings. He was bound by the feeling and the abnormal love of his mother. Then, he hated his father who always hurt his mother and even wanted to take place of his father. In fact, with his love to his mother, his hatreds to his father increased, Paul's Oedipus Complex become deeper and deeper.On the other hand, Paul was lacking of courage to free himself from the abnormal love of his mother. In fact, Paul realized that he was bound by his mother' love. And he has ever put forward his discontent to his mother for intervening his love affairs with Clara. However, he made a compromise and promised his mother he wouldn't get married. In fact, even if his mother didn't do anything to stop Paul's love affairs with Clara, he wouldn't have ability to seize his happiness. And this was caused by his weakness in character.①His Oedipus Complex became deeper.In one word, Paul' own weakness was closely related with his Oedipus Complex.3. The Consequence of Paul's Oedipus ComplexFrom his childhood to his adulthood, the Oedipus Complex had affected Paul's life in many aspects. Under the influence of Oedipus Complex, Paul became more and more sensitive and lost himself in his mother's love. He couldn't make any decision without his mother's advice. His girlfriends were more or less like his mother and he always worried about his mother's feeling about his girlfriend. He tried whatever he could do to please his mother. The relationship between him and his mother became abnormal. The strong control and attachment of his mother to Paul split his personality and made Paul a "Half Man" whose psychology is abnormal.②3.1 The Influence on Paul's LifePaul's Oedipus Complex changed his life a lot. As a man, he should have an independent life as other normal men and he should fall in love with a girl and get married with her. However, he regarded his mother as the center of life. He wanted to be excellent for his①陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).②陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).mother and wanted to protect his mother. Then, he couldn't live without his mother and independent. His mother even intervenes in his love affairs. He lost his ability to love a girl because of his Oedipus Complex. That is to say, Paul's life was deeply influenced by Oedipus Complex.3.1.1 The Influence on Paul's Individual LifePaul's individual life was totally ruined by his Oedipus Complex. He couldn't live without his mother. Thus, after his mother died, he lost his directions of his future. When his mother was alive, He didn't have the ability to arrange his life for his mother always helped him to arrange his life. He gave up painting, his hobby, and his life was in a mess.First of all, he couldn't arrange his daily life. The normal daily life of Paul became disordered without his mother. He lost his mother he relied on. He didn't know how to live a normal life and arrange his time. He addicted to alcohol and did nothing but drinking with some friends and strangers everyday.Secondly, due to the death of his mother; he gave up painting, his hobby and dream. A person who lost his dream is an utterly worthless person in the society. He didn't want to change anything or make any progress.3.1.2 The Influence on Paul's Family LifePaul's Oedipus complex had a great effect upon Paul's family life. His mother's strong attachment to Paul made his father feel envious. The stronger the attachment, the more envious his father was. And the envy made his father crazy and he behaved much worse than before. Then his bad behavior aroused the aversion of his mother. As a result, the relationship between Paul and his father became bad. Paul hated his father and his father also disliked Paul. In the eyes of the children, the father didn't play an appropriate role in the family. And under the influence of the mother the children were unable to treat their father with right attitude.①He left home after his mother died for he couldn't bear to stay with his father, In fact, sometimes Paul played a role as his mother's lover and distorted the family life. He always stayed with his mother as long as he had time. He was more of a husband than a ①张文静.工业文明下人际关系的扭曲----对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(8).son. The relationship between his mother and him was also abnormal. He realized vaguely that he had never lived without his mother and it means that he had never lived a real life. The feeling that he couldn't live without his mother and the feeling of he couldn't live independently unless she died mixed in his brain. However, when his mother died, he cried painfully like a lover: " My love--my love--oh, my love!” he whispered again and again "my love--oh, my love!"①In a word, Paul's Oedipus complex has an effect on both the relationship between his father and between his mother.3.2 The Influence on Paul's Love AffairsPaul's emotional world was deeply affected by Paul's Oedipus complex. He had two girlfriends altogether, one was Miriam and the other was Clara. He ever fell in love with both the two girls. However, Paul's Oedipus complex separated Paul and his girlfriends. Paul was very painful in these two love affairs because of his mother's intervention.3.2.1 The Influence on Paul and MiriamMiriam was the first girlfriend of Paul. Miriam was a girl who thought highly of religious belief and spiritual love. And she often imagined herself as one of the famous ladies in the history. Paul acquainted with her when he was young. They loved each others at first. But they did not tell each other about their affection, for Paul was a sensitive man and Miriam was a conservative girl. The relationship between them was very delicate. They got along well and they had almost the same understanding of life. They were very happy when they stayed together.However, the intervention of Paul's mother and Paul's Oedipus complex changed the relationship between him and Miriam. Paul became anxious to date with Miriam for a long time for his mother had told him that she didn’t like Paul to stay with Miriam for a long time. So when Paul stayed with Miriam, he felt worried and wanted to torment Miriam. His attitude towards Miriam also changed. Controlled by the Oedipus complex and his mother's love, he①刘积源.论《儿子与情人》中保罗的“恋母情结”及形成的原因[J].西南科技大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2005,(2).couldn't devote himself into his love affair with Miriam. In order to please his mother, he didn't allow Miriam to stay with him for a long time. Sometimes, he told his mother that he and Miriam were friends, not lovers. Once he thought about his mother was uneasy at home, he would torment Miriam. He didn't felt satisfied with the love affair with Miriam even after they had had sex.In fact, he had never loved Miriam by heart though Miriam loved him very much. Paul's love affair was bound to fail for the Oedipus complex had made him an abnormal man.3.2.2 The Influence on Paul and ClaraClara was the second girlfriend of Paul. She was a beautiful and hot lady who had got married. However, Paul accepted her and broke up with Miriam. The relationship between Paul and Clara was much stranger than the relationship between him and Miriam. In the daytime, he wouldn't care for Clare and he didn't felt Clara stayed with him in the same workplace. Clara, however, loved him very much. And Clara felt Paul didn't love her by heart. They were attracted by each others for sexual requirements. Their love concerned only about sex and noting more than that he only needed her at night.They didn't share the same interest and attitude towards life. Paul liked painting and he always showed his pictures to Miriam when they were lovers. As usual, he showed his new picture to Clara. But the reaction of Clara disappointed him. Clara didn't like his picture. The control of Paul's Oedipus Complex made him only gain satisfaction of sex from Clara.Paul had never thought of living with his girlfriends in the future. And he said that he only wanted to make much money and buy a house where he and his mother could live together with a servant.4. The Enlightenment of Paul’s TragedyPaul's tragedy was mainly caused by his Oedipus Complex. And the main reason is the harsh social environment and great social class differences. And the problems of psychological health of Paul changed his life and his love affairs totally. The enlightenment of Paul's tragedy is as the following:First of all, living in such a busy world and a society where money is first, we should set aside some time for entertainment and relax. And we should try to find some way to free us from the great pressures. And we had better not to regard making money as the only purpose why we live. Keeping a good feeling everyday and trying to avoid the problems of psychological health.Secondly, in order to have a harmonious family and society, we should pay more attention to each member in our family because one relationship will affect another relationship. If we wanted to have a healthier family, we should communicate with our families and let them know we are caring for them. And the love to children from both sides of parents should be balanced.5. ConclusionPaul's tragedy which took place in the period of Industrial Revolution of Britain mainly resulted from his Oedipus complex. And Paul's Oedipus complex was developed over a long period from his childhood to his adulthood. During the period, his Oedipus complex was deepened continuously. The harsh social environment was the origin of Paul's Oedipus complex. In such a society where the rich became much richer while the poor became much poorer, Paul's father and other people came from low class had to work hard in order to maintain the family's daily life. His father had no other way to free himself from the great economic pressure but to drink a lot. Paul's mother, a lady came from the middle class, hated the bad habits of the low class and looked down upon her husband. The class differences were the obstacles for their marriage. And the unbalance relationship between them made Paul's mother try to attaches her to his sons. After William died, his mother turned to Paul. Paul was such a sensitive person that he unable to free himself from his mother’s overwhelms attachment and his Oedipus Complex sprouted at the same time.The Oedipus Complex of Paul had great influence on his life in many aspects: first of all, it leads to Paul's failing to arrange for his daily life, he lost his ability to live independently without his mother. Secondly, the relationship between his father and him was ruined by his strong prejudice on his father and his strong attachment to his mother. The last but not least,he lost his ability to love a girl and failed in his two pieces of love affairs.The enlightenment we can learn from the tragedy of Paul is that the mental and psychological health of people is very important. And we should think about how to keep him mental and psychological health. What we should do to face the busy society and great pressures nowadays is learn to relax ourselves and free us from the great pressures. What's more, we should pay attention to the balance of our family relationship. We should care for our family members, especially the children.References[1]陈瑜明.劳伦斯笔下的悲剧性人物保罗[J].菁田学院学报,2004,(12).[2]蒋炳贤.《劳伦斯评论集》前言[J].杭州大学学报,1989,(2):79-86.[3]刘积源.论《儿子与情人》中保罗的“恋母情结”及形成的原因[J].西南科技大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2005,(06).[4][英]劳伦斯.儿子与情人[M].刘一之,张金玲译.北京：中国文联出版社,1999.[5]任培红.现代文明的悲剧---从人物悲剧透视《儿子与情人》中莫雷尔一家[J].外国文学,2008,(3):107-109.[6]谭焕新.Character Analysis on Paul Morel in Son and Lovers [J].Overseas English,2011, (02).[7]王毅.论《儿子与情人》中俄狄浦斯情结的悲剧[J].河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2001,(03).[8]席战强.精神的悲剧---论精神生态视域下的《儿子与情人》[J].贺州学院学报,2012,(06).[9]徐晓晴.从《儿子与情人》中的婚姻裂变看英国工业文明的悲剧[J].安庆师范学院学报（社会科学版）,2002,(11).[10]赵渭绒.畸形母爱：生命中不能承受之重---《孔雀东南飞》与《儿子与情人》之比较[J].广西民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版),2005,(09).[11]张文静.工业文明下人际关系的扭曲---对《儿子与情人》的探讨[J].黄山学院学报,2009,(08).[12]周丽丽.浅析《儿子与情人》中保罗爱情悲剧的原因[J].泰州职业技术学院学报,2010,(04).论《儿子与情人》中男主人公保罗的悲剧摘要：戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯的代表作《儿子与情人》是一部带有自传体性质的精神分析小说。
论劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》中人性的异化-毕业论文
---文档均为word文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印--- 摘要：《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯早期的成名作。
历来人们对它的主题众说纷纭，不同于国外学者多从弗洛伊德的心理分析来研究作品。
本文主要从人物关系，尤其是家庭伦理关系的角度出发来探讨工业文明和物质文明的飞速发展对人的异化。
分别从人与他人、自我、社会几个方面来深入的探讨异化的表现以及异化的深层次原因。
所谓的物质文明的发展压抑束缚了人的自然个性将现代文明的罪恶和丑陋暴露了出来，这也表现这作者自己的道德观，呼吁着自然人性的回归对我们当今建设和谐社会，建立道德的评价尺度有重要的意义。
关键词：母子关系；异化；伦理Abstract：《Sons and lovers》is Lawrence's early works. Traditionally people opinions vary of its theme, is different from foreign scholars to come from Freud's psychoanalysis research works. This article explores the rapid development of industrial civilization and material civilization of human alienation mainly from the character relationship, especially the perspective of family ethics relationship. From people with others and self, social aspects to further explore the deep-seated reasons for the performance of the alienation and alienation. So-called the development of material civilization repressive shackles of man's natural character expose the evils of modern civilization and ugly, this is the author's own morality, calling for the natural humanity's return to our today's construction of a harmonious society, establish the moral evaluation scale has an important significance.Key words：The relationship between mother and son ,alienation, ethical绪论：整个西方自从二战以后面临着巨大的挑战，社会经济结构巨变。
英文论文关于(儿子与情人 )sons and lovers
The Interpretation of the flowers in Sons and Lovers左AbstractSons and Lovers, written by DH Lawrence, is an earlier works that reflects both penetrating social problem and psychological problem. The theme of the novel is Paul Morel's relationship with his mother and her influence upon his development. This paper will talk about the symbol meanings of the flowers. In this novel, different flowers symbolize the three main different women, and reveal their human qualities, such as white lily symbolizes the pure mother's love; white roses and narcissi imply Miriam's pure spirit, whereas Miriam's intimacy to the flowers indicates that her tendency of possessing objects including Paul's soul; The crimson flowers refer to the passion of Clara. Here, the paper studies the relationship between flowers and main characters, showing that analyzing the meaning of the flowers is important to help us have a better understanding of the theme in the novel.Key words: flowers, relationship, characterIntroductionLawrence's novels are always full of vivid descriptions of natural environment to show that human beings need to live in a healthy and natural world. Also the natural objects such as trees, flowers, the moon and evenings imply symbolic meanings to make the novel significant. To understand the novel better, this paper tries to use a Semiotics approach to interpret the main symbols, so as to reveal the theme of the novel.In Classics of Semiotics edited by Martin Krampen, Semiotics is thus defined: As a science of sign processes, semiotics investigates all types of communication and information exchange among human beings, animals, plants, internal systems of organisms. Thus it encompasses most of the subject areas of the arts and the social science, as well as those of biology and medicine. According to this theory, there should be some certain connections between the different flower symbols and thethree different kinds of women characters.Chapter one: The Flowers Related to Mrs. Morel Everything Paul does is for his mother. As it is, the flowers he picked can prove us that his mother is his only intimate and his only confidant. We can see this unnatural love at any occasion in the novel:Then Paul fished out a little spray. He always brought her one spray, the best he could find. (63)"Here's a bit of new-mown hay," he said; then, again, he brought her forget-me-nots. And, again, his heart hurt with love, seeing her hand, used with work, holding the little bunch of flowers he gave her. She was perfectly happy." (114)When Paul takes his mother to Lincoln, She was bright and enthusiastic as ever, but as he sat opposite her in the railway carriage, she seemed to look frail. He had a momentary sensation as if she were sleeping away from him. Then he wanted to get hold of her, to fasten, almost to chain her. He felt he must keep hold of her with his hand. And later he bought her some blue violets. (222)We know that the mother's love to the son is abnormal, but they are not aware of it. And even this feeling grows unconsciously just like the scyllas flowers growing quietly when Mrs. Morel doesn't know:Under the fence, in a little bed, was a ravel of poor grassy leaves, such as come from very immature bulbs, and three scyllas in bloom. Mrs. Morel pointed to the deep blue flowers."Now, just see those!" she exclaimed. "I was looking at the currant bushes, when, thinks I to myself, `There's something very blue; is it a bit of sugar-bag?' and there, behold you! Sugar-bag! Three glories of the snow, and such beauties! But where on earth did they come from?" (152)The white flowers are often related to Mrs. More to express her spiritual features. Let us examine the passage with which the first chapter of Sons and Lovers ends-where Mrs. Morel, pregnant with Paul, wanders deliriously in the garden, shut out of the house by Morel in his drunkenness. In the garden, she stands cold andisolated from the world, with great anguish, feeling the mystery of the nature and sensing the child within her womb:Mrs. Morel leaned on the garden gate, looking out, and she lost herself awhile. She did not know what she thought. Except for a slight feeling of sickness, and her consciousness in the child, herself melted out like scent into the shiny, pale air. After a time the child too, melted with her in the mixing-pot of moonlight, and she rested with the hills and lilies and houses, all swum together in a kind of swoon. (22)After getting back in the house, the moment she notices that her face is smeared with the yellow dust of the lilies, she gets relieved, thinking the overpowering scent of the lilies and strange cold light of the moon. It is such a mystical moment that she finds peace in the sensation of her unborn child. This scene is the first indication of a special bond between the mother and the son.Although it is very ordinary, sunflower in the novel is a symbol, too. It symbolizes the shelter that Paul seeks for. Wherever Paul goes, whatever he meets, he always seeks consolation from his mother, and his mother thinks so. We can see it from the following scenes:There was a lovely yellow ravel of sunflowers in the garden. She looked out of the window. "There are my sunflowers!" she said. (352)She sat propped in her chair, smiling, and so pretty. The gold wedding，ring shone on her white hand; Her hair was carefully brushed. And she watched the tangled sunflowers dying, the chrysanthemums coming out, and the dahlias. Paul and she were afraid of each other. He knew, and she knew, that she was dying. (357)When Mrs. Morel is alive, the sunflower is flourishing, and when she is dying, the sunflowers are dying.CHAPTER 2 :The Flowers Related to Miriam Miriam loves flowers, but her love is unnatural. She "caress it with her mouth and cheeks and brow" (201). To her, "flowers appeared with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself" (160). The description of Miriam's love to the flowers indicates two aspects: 1. It is not appreciation of nature, but a sense ofpossession. 2. A sense of religion. For her, "she was cut off from ordinary life by her religious intensity which made the world for her either a nunnery garden or a paradise, where sin or else are ugly, cruel thing" (138). As a result, the love between Paul and her is doomed to be a failure. We can see this view from the following.Paul passed along a fine row of sweet-peas, gathering a blossom here and there, all cream and pale blue. Miriam followed, breathing the fragrance. To her, flowers appealed with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself. When she bent and breathed a flower, it was, as if she and the flowers were loving each other. Paul hated her for it. There seemed a sort of exposure about the action, something too intimate. (160-1)Miriam loves the flowers in a very intimate way; she always embraces and breathes the flowers, as if they loved each other. It seems that she wants to possess them. Just as Paul said that she wants to “suck them”, it also shows Miriam's unusual love to things including Paul. The narration of Miriam always connects with white roses and Christian figures to show her pure spirit and religious emotions. However, all these behaviors make Paul feel annoyed, believing that she wanted the soul out of his body, and not him. “She wanted to draw all of him into her.” (179)Lawrence uses flowers to objectify the considerably milder sexual attraction of Miriam. In chapter VII:The place was decorated for Easter. In the front hundreds of white narcissi seemed to be growing. The air was dim and thrilled with a subtle scent of lilies and narcissi. In that atmosphere Miriam's soul came into a glow…Miriam turned to him. Her soul expanded into prayer beside him. He felt the strange fascination of shadowy religious places. All his latent mysticism quivered into life. She was drawn to him. He was a prayer along with her. (155)Lilies and narcissi in the scene indicate both Miriam’s virgin and her pure soul. And sex-consciousness always fills her with shame. But Paul is so attractive to her, so she would rather sacrifice herself to get the soul of him.In the book, I believe Miriam may be the most miserable figure. While she has no idea what the religion has influenced her, she fails to get Paul, no matter how hard shetries.Chapter three: The Flowers Related to ClaraClara is a woman different from Mrs. Morel and Miriam. If we say the latter are spiritual, the former is passionate.In the novel, being the symbol of passion, she is always connected with crimson. This is the first time that Paul meets Clara in formal occasion. The crimson nasturtiums that come out from the cool green shadow of their leaves predict the coming of Clara. What is more, it also gives hints that Paul will seek a sort of fire in passion. Here is the scene in which Paul picks flowers with Miriam and Clara:She was kneeling, bending forward still to smell the flowers. Her neck gave him a sharp pang, such a beautiful thing, yet not proud of itself just now. Her breasts swung slightly in her blouse. The arching curve of her back was beautiful and strong; she wore no stays. Suddenly, without knowing, he was scattering a handful of cowslips over her hair and neck, saying: "Ashes to ashes, and dust to dust, If the Lord won't have you the devil must." The chill flowers fell on her neck. She looked up at him, with almost pitiful, scared grey eyes, wondering what he was doing. Flowers fell on her face, and she shut her eyes. (220)The flowers in the novel stand for the Clara’s charm without doubt. And Paul is drawn into it completely.When Paul and Clara went out, "He bought her a bunch of scarlet, brick-red carnations. She put them in her coat, flushing. (284)When she arose, he, looking on the ground all the time, saw suddenly sprinkled on the black wet beech-roots many scarlet carnation petals, like splashed drops of blood; and red, small splashes fell from her bosom, streaming down her dress to her feet. (289)Paul and Clara are enjoying the joys. Clara gets aware that she is a woman again, feeling proud and content, and she begins to ask for more. She not only demands the combination of the fleshy body, but also eager to the communication of spirit. When Paul gives her a bunch of crimson carnation, thinking the color is fit her most, and tallies with her fervent personality, Clara says: "I'd rather have had something softer"(284). It indicates that she longs for spiritual communication besides passion. Although Paul hopes the harmony of reason and emotion, he ignores Clara's demand, thinking she is too shallow to hold him, and to understand him like Miriam.In all, Clara's indiscretion makes their first intimacy easy for Paul, despite the hazards. However, they only are able to have sexual connection rather than spiritual words. An old lady in the novel once presents Clara with "three tiny dahlias in full blow, neat as bees, and speckled scarlet and white" (291). And it is clear that their getting together is made "because we were jolly."ConclusionAs a writer, Lawrence has a great influence on Modern English literature, for he saw the empty soul of the flourishing society. The sons and loves is one of the great novels, and it is rich of all kinds of flowers between the lines, which, to some extent, is important for readers to understand the characters and the themes. After all, the symbolic interpretation of the main objects described many times in the novel has great benefits, and we should learn the flowers seriously in the future research of the sons and lovers.Works citedNeil Champion. D. H. Lawrence: Life & Works. Hove: Wayland Publications, 1989. Nigel Messenger, How to Study a D. H. Lawrence Novel.New York: Macmillan Publications, 1989.Martin Krampen and Klaus Oehler. Classics of Semiotics. New York: Plenum Publications, 1987.Terry Eagleton. Literary Theory: An introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwe11, 1983. Gamini Salgado. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1969. Dennis Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. “Critical Essays on D. wrence”G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988.D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers(Beijing: China International Business and Economics Press, 2000)Robert Scholes. Semiotics and Interpretation. Haven: Yale University Press, 1982 Chen Zhi'an and Liu Jiarong. New Horizons in Language and Semiotics in China (Sichuan: Chengdu, 1999).Denny Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. Critical Essays on D. H. Lawrence (G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988).。
儿子与情人论文
Sons and Lovers----By D.H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence(1885-1930), the author of Sons and Lovers,was born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England. Young Lawrence attended Beauvale Board School (now renamed Greasley Beauvale D. H. Lawrence Infant School in his honor) from 1891 until 1898, becoming the first local pupil to win a County Council scholarship to Nottingham High School in nearby Nottingham. He left in 1901, working for three months as a junior clerk at Haywood's surgical appliances factory before a severe bout of pneumonia ended this career. During his early years he was working on poems, short stories and novels. At the end of 1907 he won a short story competition in the Nottingham Guardian, the first time that he had gained any wider recognition for his literary talents.Lawrence’s works are usually focus on the beauty of sensual sense, which is not accepted by the main stream and many of his works are said to be dirty books and banned for decades of years. It was not until 1960 that the i mportance of his works were fully recognized. Lawrence’s The White Peacock brought him his first success. And in the following years the productive writer published his most popular works Sons and Lovers,which is considered to be an autobiographical novel of his own life experience. After that, The Rainbow(1915), Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious(1921), The Plumed Serpent(1926) and Lady Chatterley’s Lover in 1928, which is the most controversial novel in the twentith century. It was not untill the year 1960 that Lawrance get what he deserves as a master in literature.The book Sons and Lovers tells us the life of Paul and family, and tells us Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis “Oedipus complex” through the description “love” between Paul and his mother.The life of the Morel family is unhappy, tense, and uneasy. The Morels live in a mining town in the countryside. Walter Morel is a miner, and he and his wife, Gertrude, have two children, William and Annie, and are expecting their third child. When their third child, Paul, is born, Mrs. Morel does not really want the new baby. She hates that she has to stay home with the children while her husband gets to go out and enjoy himself with alcohol. After the birth of their fourth child, Arthur, the Morel family is complete.Mrs. Morel transfers her affections from her husband to her first son, William, who is intelligent and active. Also William wins awards and does well in school. It is not difficult at all for him to find a good job after he leaves school . When William goes to London for a job, Mrs. Morel is devastated. William comes home, bringing with him his fiancee, a young lady who treats the Morels like servants. Having spent too much time at work and with his fiancee, William catches pneumonia and dies. After William's death, Mrs. Morel turns her love and attention to Paul.Paul, always sensitive and emotional, gets a job at Thomas Jordan's, a surgical applicances factory and begins a friendship with Miriam Leivers. Mrs. Morel does not like Miriam because in her view Miriam takes all of Paul's energy, desire, and feelings with nothing left of him for her. Miriam introduces Paul to Clara Dawes, whose mother is friendly with Mrs. Leivers and who is separated from her husband, Baxter Dawes.After Paul and Miriam have sex, he decides that they are not good for each other, and breaks off their relationship, which makes Miriam in much anger and bitterness. Paul heads into an intensely sexual relationship with Clara. Miriam is jealous that the Morels have accepted Clara as Paul's lover when they have not liked her at all. Paul and Clara share a passionate, sexual relationship. As much as Paul thinks that he is happy, his mother believes otherwise; she knows in her heart that Clara will tire her son out.Baxter Dawes and Paul have a fight; the fight leaves Paul in great pain and a great dislike for Clara's husband. Although both men severely hate each other, they feel connected to each other.Mrs. Morel falls gravely ill because of a tumor. The doctor who tends to her tells Paul that Dawes is in the hospital for his fever. Paul calls on Dawes in the hospital and the two men somewhat reconcile. When Paul tells Clara that Dawes is ill, Clara unexpectedly declares that her husband had treated her with more respect and had loved her more than Paul ever did. Clara returns to Dawes.Meanwhile, Mrs. Morel grows weaker. Knowing that she is prolonging her death to live for Paul, Paul and Annie fear that she will live longer than she can emotionally survive. Paul and Annie can not stand to see their beloved mother live in such pain that they give her an extra dosage of morphine. Mrs. Morel dies.Paul goes to see Miriam. They ponder getting married, but Paul confesses that he has no desire nor any intention of marrying her. Miriam decides to wait as long as it takes for him to come to her. Paul returns home, thinking about the bond he shares with his mother. Their love is still alive in him, even though she has died.As a son of a miner’s himself, we can feel t he pain he suffers in his early years from his family and his several unsuccessful love with women in his later life period. It is really a miracle that, as a man who has not got much knowledge from the school he should be able to creat so many masterpieces for us. I also admire his courage to write the kind of book as Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s Lover and his struggling to get these books published.指导老师：黄邦福代凤亮：0841051001。
儿子与情人读后感英文500字
儿子与情人读后感英文500字Reflections on "Sons and Lovers"D.H. Lawrence's "Sons and Lovers" is a profound exploration of the complexities of familial love,individual aspirations, and the conflicts that arise when these two forces collide. Set against the backdrop of industrial England, the novel tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man grappling with his identity, his desires, andthe expectations of those closest to him.Paul's relationship with his mother, Mrs. Morel, is at the heart of the novel. Their bond is deeply emotional and intense, almost to the point of suffocation. Mrs. Morel's love for her son is possessive and all-consuming,reflecting her own unmet emotional needs and desires. Paul, in turn, finds himself trapped within this love, unable to escape its clutches and pursue his own dreams and ambitions.The clash between Paul's desire for freedom and hismother's clingy affection is particularly poignant. Lawrence captures the suffocating weight of a mother's love and the yearning for independence that is inherent in every individual. This conflict is further exacerbated by Paul's relationship with Clara, a woman who embodies his ideal of love and companionship. Their affair, though passionate, is doomed by Clara's fragile emotional state and Paul's own inability to break free from his mother's shadow.Lawrence's portrayal of the industrial landscape of England adds another layer of complexity to the narrative. The industrialization of the country has not only transformed the landscape but has also altered the social and psychological fabric of society. The Morel family, like many others, is caught in the crosshairs of this transformation, struggling to maintain their traditional values and aspirations amidst the changing times.The novel's exploration of the themes of love, loss, and self-discovery is profound and thought-provoking. Lawrence's writing is both poetic and vivid, bringing the characters and their emotions to life. The narrative isemotional and engaging, making the reader feel theintensity of the characters' passions and conflicts.In conclusion, "Sons and Lovers" is a timeless novel that explores the complexities of familial love, individual aspirations, and the conflicts that arise when these two forces collide. Lawrence's masterful storytelling and profound insights into the human psyche make this a must-read for anyone interested in literature and psychology.。
分析花在作品《儿子与情人》中的象征意义学位论文
AbstractLawrence is the famous English novelist and poet in the twentieth century. In Lawrence's autobiographical novel Sons and Lovers, the author applies many symbols. The hidden images and symbolic languages help to illustrate the inner purport of the novel and the complicated and inner most feelings of the character. In a large number of his works, symbolism has been widely used. In his masterpiece Sons and Lovers, he has successfully applied symbolism and presented the image throughout the entire novel that flower image throughout the novel and different flowers symbolize a different personality trait. The hero’s attitudes towards flowers from hero imply the deep themes of the novel. The paper discusses three heroines and three different kinds of flowers symbolize the development of the plot in novels. This paper tries to analyze the symbolic meanings of ‘Flowers’ in Sons And Lovers.Key Words: D.H. Lawrence; Sons and Lovers; flowers; symbolism摘要劳伦斯是二十世纪著名的英国小说家与诗人，在他所创作的大量作品中，象征主义描写占据了相当的篇幅。
儿子与情人-英文介绍简介
About the book
There are six main characters .
Mr. Morel --- father Mrs. Morel --- mother William --- brother Paul --- hero Miriam --- girlfriend Clara --- girlfriend
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Unfortunately, William dies, Mrs. Morel is depressed. She gives all love to her little son --- Paul. She loves Paul very much and encourages him to become a successful business man. She controls him everything, makes Paul only love her.
As his growing up, the emotion between Paul and his mother becomes deep day after day, so that Paul loves Miriam, but he can’t marry her, then he only can keep ambiguous relationship with Clara who has a husband. Finally, Paul leaves the city after his mother dies.
My Views
• I think Paul is a poor man. His mother’s love tortures Paul all the time. When Mrs. Morel dies, she takes away his spirit prop.
Sons and Lovers 英文读书报告
Possessive Love—Sons and LoversSons and Lovers, first published in 1913, is a classic written by D.H. Lawrence. Although Sons and Lovers deals with the possessive love with candor and gave rise to a fierce controversy then, it is still one of the greatest autobiographical novels of the 20th centuryThe story occurs in Britain back to the 19th century, when the UK was undergoing the Industrial Revolution. The author presents us a vivid picture of the life of a typical working-class family living in a community of a mining company. With roaring engines and the smoky sky, the story begins.Gertrude Coppard, an elegant middle-class woman, marries Walter Morel, a vulgar working-class miner on an impulse. As the love dies down gradually and chores haunt her frequently, Mrs. Morel’s mental attachment to her husband eventually yields to possessive love on her sons—William and Paul. By and by, the love is growing so overwhelming that the sons have no chance to escape from this entanglement nor, even, can Mrs. Morel get rid of the obsession with her sons. When the two sons are, however, confronted with the chance to pursue their own love, they tend to be fragile, sensitive and awkward. William lavishes on his relationship with Miss Western, a light-hearted young girl, only to find love is no more than money to her and he is totally forgotten by the girl soon after his death; Paul seesaws between Miriam and Clara, finding no way to love pure Miriam completely for her belief in platonic love nor married Clara for their adultery and Mrs. Morel, in addition, makes every effort to prevent her power over Paul from being grabbed by the lovers. As Mrs. Morel passes away, the shackle upon Paul is removed. Insecure and exhausted, hewanders alone, finally.In the eyes of D.H. Lawrence, love is no longer merely a soothing rub; when it grows too possessive, it turns to a heavy punch knocking down everyone.It is the lack of husband’s love actually that gives rise to the possessive love. At first, Mrs. Morel has good management of her love, e.g., on the one hand, she is receiving love from her husband and children; on the other hand she loves them unconditionally in return. Then, however, as the gap between her and Mr. Morel becomes increasingly unbridgeable, this equilibrium is broken that husband’s love is no longer available. As a result, Mrs. Morel decides to do investment of love in order to compensate for the loss of husband’s love.She withdraws her love from her husband who turns out to be an “unfavorable share”and invests it in her two sons. Under the disguise of maternal love, her excessive devotion to the sons is taken as no more than the responsibility of a mother and soon begins to make profits on William: he turns against his father, burns the love letters from young ladies and wins an anvil—all the things the decent young man does only for her. Though she is quite clear that she can never marry William, she regards him as her real husband whose caring deeds are taken as gestures of affection and brings her satisfaction as husband’s love ever did.She should have been content with what she has already gained from this practice of investment, but, unfortunately, she becomes too obsessed to stop and after the death of William she descends to an incurable love speculator finally. Her possessive love reaches its peak.After the death of William, Mrs. Morel has no choice but to put all her devotion to Paul for fear that all her previous efforts should be in vain. And Paul, the poor boy, is totally trapped but cannot figure out why it is so. The confusion is elaborated by Lawrence frequently.” He knew she suffered badly, but why should she? And why did he hate Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mother suffering, then he hated her—and he easily hated her. Why did he make him…”As a lonely woman, Mrs. Morel wins sound profits from her love investment and then speculation, for her needs of husband’s love are amply met. As a mother, however, she is selfish and her possessive love finally ruins William and Paul despite her great devotion to them.。
英语专业毕业论文—《儿子与情人》的主题分析
毕业论文题目 On the Theme of Sons and Lovers 院系外国语学院专业英语年级 2008级学生姓名学号指导教师On the Theme of Sons and Lovers论《儿子与情人》的主题学生指导教师摘要：《儿子与情人》是劳伦斯早期作品中最著名的一部，也是他的成名作。
尽管此书曾遭受过被禁的厄运，但在其解禁至今的几十年内引起了读者的关注，并获得了文学上的肯定。
书中，劳伦斯逼真地再现了20世纪初英国矿工家庭的生活，并揭示了在工业文明的影响下，人们为争取更高的经济和社会地位所付出的惨痛代价。
小说以主人公保罗的家庭本身及自己的情感生活为中心，着重描写了人物内心强烈深沉的情感，以及人与人之间在那个社会环境下不能自已的爱恨情仇。
本论文试图从莫瑞儿一家的不幸生活来对《儿子与情人》的主题进行较为详细深刻的分析，比如：夫妻失和导致莫瑞尔太太的情感转移；一直引以为傲的大儿子的死带给母亲的巨大打击；保罗接替威廉成为莫瑞尔太太生命的全部；由于母亲从小对儿子们倾注所有，并在其思想上有一定的控制，因此导致儿子们无法拥有一段正常的，成功的恋爱生活等等。
而这一系列情感悲剧的真实根源来自于工业文明下诸多的社会问题以及不和谐的人际关系，这也同样是本文的最终主题。
关键词：劳伦斯；《儿子与情人》；畸形母爱；恋母情结；工业文明ABSTRACTSons and Lovers is the one of the most significant works of David Herbert Lawrence as well as his first big success. Although this book once suffered being prohibited, it drew readers' attentions and gained recognitions in literature rapid ly in a few decades after being rescind the prohibition. In this book, Lawrence realistically reproduces a British miner's family life in the twentieth century with realistic technique, and exposes that in order to strive for higher economic and social sta tus, people needs to pay a heavy price under the influence of industrial civilization. The novel mainly depicts the deep and intense emotion in people's inner world, and focuses on the love and hatred between people which they cannot control under that social circumstance, with the protagonist's family itself and his love life as its center. Therefore, this thesis attempts to analyze the theme of Sons and Lovers in detail from the Morels' misfortunes, such as the failed marriage results in Mrs Morel's shift in sentiment; the death of William who is always the hope of his mother brings about a huge blow to Mrs. Morel; Paul becomes the whole of his mother's life instead of William; Mrs.Morel's devotions to her sons and controls of their minds result that they fail to possess normal and successful love lives and so on. While, the roots of the series of tragedies are the social problems and disharmonious relations brought about by the industrial civilization , which is also the theme of Sons and Lovers.Key W ords: wrence; Sons and Lovers; deformed Love; Oedipus complex; industrial civilizationContentsIntroduction (1)Part I A Failure in Marriage (4)1.1 Mrs. Morel's Dream of Marriage (4)1.2 A Marriage of Love and Hatred (4)1.3 Mrs Morel's Changed Attitude to Her Husband (5)Part II Mrs Morel, William and His Girl Friend (7)2.1 William's Social Success (7)2.2 William and His Girl Friend (7)2.3 Mrs. Morel's View of William's Death (8)Part III Mrs. Morel, Paul and Miriam (10)3.1 Mrs. Morel's Expectation of Paul (10)3.2 Miriam's Influence on Paul (11)3.3 Mrs. Morel's Dislike of Miriam (12)Conclusion (14)Bibliography (16)Acknowledgments (17)四川大学锦江学院本科毕业论文论《儿子与情人》的主题IntroductionDavid Herbert Lawrence is one of the most unique and controversial English writer s in the twentieth century, whose masterpieces are Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley's Lovers. He was born in a miner family without notable reputation and high diploma. What makes him so distinctive is his talent. His creations are deeply influenced by family background and Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, which result in the fact that his works are mostly exploring family, marriage and sex. What is more, Lawrence’s bold descriptions of sex in his books once triggered off a tremendous splash and were forbidden for a long time. Therefore, he complained that nobody could understand his writings in three hundred years (wrence). For Lawrence, he insisted that the fade of sex led to spiritual barrenness and un-civilization of English, and Britain would not come back to life until letting sex return to its natural condition (毕冰宾). After the prohibition against his works was rescinded, he soon became popular and welcomed by general public.Sons and Lovers is one of Lawrence's most important novels, which is regarded as an autobiographical novel and breaks the writing conventions of the former writers. He depicts the protagonists' complicated inner world from his special view, lyrical style, vivid details, and bold idea s. It is not only a novel presenting the author's real life, revealing the ugliest aspect s of society in nineteenth and twentieth centuries, of all round dirty mines and miners' miserable conditions, but also exposing various contradictions and problems arising with the development of capitalistic industrial civilization, of distorted human relationships and negative physical and mental influence on human beings (张文静). Therefore, this novel is a masterwork in English literary history and world literature that is worth exploring.Some scholars focus on Mrs. Morel's deformed love for Paul. Mrs. Morel is a well-educated woman from a middle class family, so her marriage with Mr. Morel – a miner with coarse speech and bad temper –dooms to be a failure. After her disappointment of her husband and desperation of her marriage, Mrs. Morel devotes1all her love to her children. Therefore, Paul becomes her only hope and emotional trust after William's death. She not only continuously encourages and supervises Paul to edge into the middle classes and polite society, but also controls him in spirit and interferes with his courtship. Because in her eyes that Paul is her lover, and is part and parcel of her life, which satisfies her emotional need of not just being a mother, but also a wife and a woman. However, both of them are suffering from this kind of possessive love (甄桂英；尹树文；杨琳).Some scholars focus on Paul's Oedipus complex. As a psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, Oedipal Complex means a boy's desire to possess his mother sexually and oppose to his father in an unconscious way. Oedipus Complex derives from a Greek mythology in the fifth century B. C.. It tells that the king of Thebes, Oedipus, unwittingly kills his father and marries his mother, then brings disaster on his city and family (Oedipus). While, in Sons and Lovers, it mainly depicts the lingering feeling of love between the mother and the son. Paul’s emotional attachment to his mother is generally regarded as Oedipus complex. Mrs. Morel's control of Paul's soul and feelings, and her abnormal mother love accepted by Paul result in that he is largely dependent on his mother. On one hand, he is a boy who is sensitive to mother's troubles and likes staying even sleeping with her. He is also full of responsibility to her. Because of this, he often curses his father to die. On the other hand, he indulges in the Oedipus complex too deep to get rid of his mother's fatal influences when he dates with his girl friend. And he cannot really fall in love with anyone. Therefore, he gradually realizes that he is unable to get married only if his mother is alive (刘国英；李晋瑜；程明静, 卓杨；王毅).Some scholars focus on the root of family tragedy of the industrial civilization. The early twentieth century of Britain was a period of industrial revolutio n. At that time, the majority of people were happy for the huge profits and economy growth. D.H. Lawrence, however, realized the destructiveness. He believed that industrial civilization improved the human beings' material civilization, but at the same time seriously destroyed the original harmonious relation between people，suppressed the human nature, ruined the person's physical and mental health. In Sons and Lovers, allkinds of distorted human relationships are resulted from those unharmonious elements of modern civilization. And a series of tragedies are produced like the "domino effect". The industrial civilization puts Mr. Morel, a miner, in a tough living conditions. Under the great pressure of life, his marriage is at risk. Facing the massive differences between the before-marriage and the after-marriage, as well as the ideal and the reality, Mrs. Morel estranges her husband but gets close to her sons, which leads to excessive intimate mother-child relationships. Then the intricate family ties deprive the sons of abilities to fall in love with other girls normally. Therefore, the tragedy of last generation extends to the next generation. That's why we can say industrial civilization is the evil root (刘国英；张文静；武瑞).In my opinion, the theme of Sons and Lovers is involved in the abnormal interrelationships and their main causes.Part I A Failure in Marriage1.1 Mrs. Morel's Dream of MarriageMrs. Morel is a well-educated lady with pious faith. In a Christmas ball, she falls in love with the handsome and humorous Walter Morel, and then they get married. Because of different family and educational backgrounds, they are also different in outlook on life (覃艳容)."Mrs. Morel came of a good old burgher family, famous independentswho had fought with Colonel Hutchinson, and who remained scoutCongregationalist...Gertrude resembled her mother in a small build. Buther temper, proud and unyielding, she had from the Coppards "(Lawrence6).What's more, Mrs. Morel's ideal type husband should like her father who is a cultured gentleman with masculinity and belief. "Her father was to her the type of all men "(Lawrence 8). Therefore, she is fascinated when she meets the "well set-up, erect, and very smart"(Lawrence 7). Walter Morel. And she expects to marry a miner who is full of charm and vigor, with independent economy, own house and bank savings. But at the seventh month after marriage, she finds that her husband is a poor and indebted man. This accidental discovery shatters her dream (覃艳容).1.2 A Marriage of Love and HatredIt seems that the marriage between Mr. Morel and Mrs Morel is a tragedy, because both of them are suffering from it. On one hand, Mrs. Morel is disappointed with her husband who reconciles to ordinary life, wallows in enjoying life and makes no efforts to improve the living conditions and gain respects. She also hates him for drinking heavily, and being rude to her as well as the children."The pity was, she was too much his opposite. She could not be contentwith the little he might be; she would have him the much that he ought tobe. So, in seeking to make him nobler than he could be, she destroyedhim"(Lawrence 12).On the other hand, Mr. Morel can't withstand the request, arrogance and aggressiveness of his wife. He is just an ordinary miner who wants to live freely without too much luxury."She fought to make him undertake his responsibilities, to make himfulfill his obligations. But he was too different from her. His nature waspurely sensuous, and she strove to make him moral, religious. She tried toforce him to face things. He could not endure it-it drove him out of hismind"(Lawrence 11).However, we can still find couple's warmth and affection between them. For example, she defends for him before neighbors; she feels silly after quarreling with him for cutting William's hair; she experiences warmth and peace on the bed hearing the sound he made in the garden; she wants a kiss from him when she is giving birth; she still speaks highly of his nice figure even he is already a middle-aged man; she is so grieved for his illness."...she was almost a fanatic with him, because she loved him, or had loved him"(Lawrence 12). As for Mr. Morel, he is attracted by his wife all the time. Most times, he is afraid of her, and follows her directions. He feels sorry for scolding and beating her, sympathizes with her laborious business."During his illness his wife had spoilt him a little. Now he wanted her tocontinue. He often put his band to his head, pulled down the comers ofhis mouth, and shamed pains he did not feel"(Lawrence 32).For theses reasons, there are not only fights and contradictions, but also pleasant memories in this relationship. And just because love and hatred both exist in the marriage, their emotions are complex and agonizing.1.3 Mrs Morel's Changed Attitude to Her HusbandAfter marriage, the cruel reality shatters Mrs. Morel's dream as a young girl. She maintains the essential family living and raises her children up in a dreadful condition. At the same time, Mr. Morel is not a gentle and thoughtful man any more.With heavy manual work and burden of family life, he begins to drink heavily, be rude and unreasonable, and vents his anger on his wife and children. This triggers of a discordant and hostile relationship. Mrs. Morel gradually changes her attitudes to her husband along with the birth of children and the broken love.The first time she starts to change her attitude is that she sees through her husband's lies and knows what they live in now is a rented house. "She said very little to her husband, but her manner had changed towards him. Something in her proud, honorable soul had crystallized out hard as rock" (Lawrence 10). She is extremely lonely and sad for the disillusioned dream. So she despises her husband, and turns from him to the child. She cares very little that he does. Only, she scathes him with her satire on his return . And then they become emotionally estranged from each other.With the birth of their second child, Mrs. Morel doesn't crate trouble for herself by not fighting with him like before and not thinking of his hateful behaviors. Therefore, "there was a state of peace in the house for some time. Mrs. Morel was more tolerate of him, … Neither knew that she was more tolerate because she loved him less"(Lawrence 32). At this moment, Mrs. Morel's calm attitude is not yielding to her husband or marriage, but giving up, because love is ebbing in an unspectacular way.The last change is the end of their love and marriage. Mrs. Morel no longer spends time in arguing uselessly with him. She shows him completely indifference and unconcern which drives out him from her world, then devotes to two sons with her life. As one proverb says that the opposite of love is not hatred, but unconcern. This time, Mr. Morel has a feeling of being abandoned, and realizes that "it was really over between them"(Lawrence 33).Part II Mrs Morel, William and His Girl Friend2.1 William's Social SuccessWilliam is the eldest son in the Morel family who is brilliant and excellent. He is always the proud of his parents from childhood, and gains social success by tirelessly pursuing his ideal life. At the age of thirteen, he begins his first job. Then he becomes one of the best stenographers and bookkeepers. In his nineteen, he gets a job in Nottingham for thirty shillings a week which is admired by neighbors,but he still studies till very late. Finally he finds a job in London with one hundred and twenty pounds per year which is a huge amount of income."In London he found that he could associate with men far above hisBestwood friends in station...so he began to fancy himself as a great gun.He was, indeed, rather supervised at the ease with which he became agentleman"(Lawrence 63).Although his living environment is rather poor, and family is unhappy, he enters into the gentry class all the same by his own. He can make friends everywhere for his extroverted character, and challenge authority for his sense of justice. He can do all the things that men do-the decent things (Lawrence 37). What's more, he can give dual attention on enjoyment and learning. All of these contribute to his social success.2.2 William and His Girl FriendWilliam is deeply loved by Mrs. Morel for his excellence, and wants to get rid of the trammel of motherly love. So the courtship becomes the only way to save him. He begins to pursue a Gypsy girl, Lily, who is beautiful in appearance but simple in mind, and is even engaged with her despite his mother's opposition. William should be happy at this moment, but he feels a strong sense of complications and contradictions in the love between his girl friend and him.On one hand, William is always accompanied by his mother and influenced by her complicated character, arrogance and stubbornness. In addition to that he reads alot of books, and he looks down upon the foolishness and decadence of the upper class. Lily understands nothing except for amorism and following fashion. "But often he got irritable. She had brought, for an eight-days' stay, five dresses and six blouses".(Lawrence 91) So William has a deep aversion to his fiancée with the expectation of a kindred spirit, not a noisy lover who just regards him as a machine to pay her bills. Besides, he never makes disguise of his disdain and scorn to Lily in front of his mother, and even digs at her to his mother's face. "Read a book! Why, she's never read a book in her life" (Lawrence 92). On the other hand, he inherits his father's emotional side which let him yearn for the ardent and passionate love life. He can't resist Lily's fantastic appearance and treats her tenderly (刘芳).Just because William fails to reach the balance between reason and emotion, the love between his girl friend and him is also contradictory and torturous. We can get this from the description of Lawrence."William was silent, and later he repented, kissed and comforted the girl.Y et it was true, what he had said. He hated her...All summer longWilliam's letters had a feverish tone; he seemed unnatural and intense.Sometimes he was exaggeratedly jolly, while usually he was flat andbitter in his letter"(Lawrence 94).2.3 Mrs. Morel's View of William's DeathMrs. Morel gives lives to her sons who also naturally become the spokesmen of her life. So she takes for granted that sons' successes are her triumph. It likes a guaranty that sons' lives are mortgaged to their mother for being taught and guided. Then William is accepted by London's upper class soon which brings comfort and honor to her mother who is struggling in adversity. However, fate always likes to push people into the abyss when he is full of hope. William's short life is gone with wind without blossoming. After his death, Mrs. Morel is in a trance. And her hopes come to naught."In the house she was the same-small, white, and mute. She noticednothing, she said nothing...then she relapsed into the same mute lookinginto space...Mrs. Morel could not be persuaded, after this, to talk and takeher old bright interest in life. She remained shut off"(Lawrence 97-99).Although she is extremely upset, she never realizes the real cause of her son's death. She just thinks that he dies from overwork. Because, she knows that he is a hard-working boy, "and she knew he sat up afterwards in his cold bedroom grinding away at Latin, because he intended to get on his office, and in the law as much as he could".(Lawrence 64) Even the whispered words he says when he is dying is about his work.In fact, it's Mrs. Morel's excessive demand of emotion and dominance that causes this tragedy. And she never knows that her aggressive interference and sentimental infiltration give rise to the departure. On the one hand, he has to bear his profligate fiancée in material, and doubts her loyalty of love in spirit; on the other hand, he must endure his mother's control and occupation of his mind. This kind of pressure from body and mental leads to his death (章学文).Part III Mrs. Morel, Paul and Miriam3.1 Mrs. Morel's Expectation of Paul"Paul was rather a delicate boy, subject to bronchitis. The others were all quiet strong, so this was another reason for his mother's difference in feeling for him"(Lawrence 46). Especially, after the death of William, Paul becomes the only hope of Mrs. Morel who gives him all her love. "In him was established her life now. After all, the life beyond offered very little to Mrs. Morel. She saw that our chance for doing is here, and doing counted with her"(Lawrence 158). In addition to that she has a certain degree of cultural cultivation, so she eagerly hopes that her son can gain higher economic and social status. She urges him to work hard, be free of mining areas, and encourages him to prefer niceness, such as flowers, sunset or some beautiful gadget (刘积源). Besides, Paul also turns into her target of venting the inner world's anguish. Every night, she waits for his coming, unburdens herself and tells him what occurs in the whole day. She has mind control on him to stop him from loving another people, which can make up for her regret of having a disappointing husband and unhappy marriage that only exist in name. Therefore, Paul is not just his mother's son but also a lover to satisfy her both in material and spirit. Mrs. Morel expects Paul to realize all her unfilled dreams.With regarded to Mrs. Morel's expectations, Paul gives her enthusiastic response. He is largely dependent on her and extremely sympathizes with her sufferings from childhood. As long as he stays with her, he is full of love and responsibility. "...he also could not bear to go home to his mother empty. That, he felt, would disappoint her, and he would have died rather" (Lawrence 48). For these reasons, he hates his father who is an incapable husband, irritable drunkard, and destroys the family's happiness. Sometimes, he even curses his father to die. His ambition is that living with he mother in a small house where is not far away from home after her father passing away. Mrs. Morel occupies the most important place in Paul's heart and is the one he really loves.3.2 Miriam's Influence on PaulMiriam is Paul's first love who is a beautiful girl with curly black hair. She is shy and sensitive with strong religious faith. Even the slightest vulgar behaviour is an agony for her. Although she defies men, Paul commands her respect with a brand new image and a little learning. She is fascinated by him. Hence, she wants to build up a genuine and platonic relationship with Paul.There are pure appearance and source of ideas what an artist needs upon Miriam. Paul is always eager to show her his every piece of work after getting it done on account of that she will speak highly of his works all the time, even sometimes they are unintentional. Meanwhile, he can acquire a lager imaginary space when he is discussing the works with her. And with Miriam's encouragement, Paul's desire to paint is much more intense (张慧军). Plus, he also can talk about celebrities, poems and culture, exchange ideas with her, which enhances his insight and lets him have a more profound understanding of other things. In this regard, Miriam is different from Mrs. Morel who does not care about Paul's art but himself and his achievement. Miriam pays attention to the art itself, and his personality.In the process of dating with Miriam, Paul absorbs pure sense and soul exchange from her which are needed by personal growth. We can say that her love helps him heading for maturity in spirit (张慧军). Miriam is Paul's soul mate who gives him the spiritual comforts. But about sex, her religious faith leads her to consider it dirty and stick to the concept of virginity."...because of the continual business of birth and of begetting which goeson upon every farm, Miriam was the more hypersensitive to the matter,and her blood was chastened almost to disgust of the faintest suggestionof such intercourse" (Lawrence 115).So, Paul follows her and restrains his desire by all means. He is always in a detached state to transform his fire of love into the subtle consciousness. He would rather suffer from it than hurt her feelings, because the sacred sentiment of his mother is offended by his father. He won't let it happen again. However, in the bottom ofPaul's heart, the true love is not only in mind, but also in body. Hence, he is tortured by their platonic love and decides to leave her.3.3 Mrs. Morel's Dislike of MiriamMrs. Morel rests her hopes and affections on her sons through her disillusion of her husband. After the death of her beloved William, she devotes all efforts in Pa ul, which develops into a deformed motherly love. She takes great care of him in life, and regards him as a love object in spirit. She attempts to possess all his emotions. And she is very pleased to go out with him after freshening up shyly, which is the happiest moment in her life. In her eyes, Paul is her lover to fill her emotional vacancy and fulfill her aspirations. As a result, she is always on the alert to prevent anybody and anything from tempting him to deviate from the goal of life which is set by her. But before long, Miriam enters into their world and falls in love with Paul. Mrs. Morel has a feeling of hurt about Paul and hatred about Miriam immediately when they are together. So "She could not bear it when he was with Miriam. William was dead. She would fight to keep Paul" (Lawrence 158).Miriam is a girl with religious and charming temperament. Her platonic love controls Paul's mind to a certain degree. He goes to her home frequently and goes back late at night. He likes to stay and chat with her which let them grow very close. Mrs. Morel is irritated by all of these. She complains to Paul that "...I am old. And therefore I may stand aside; I have nothing more to do with you. Y ou only want me to wait on you-the rest is for Miriam"(Lawrence 151). And she hates Miriam who wants to possess Paul as she does. She feels that her son's soul is taken away by this girl and "She's not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him"(Lawrence 136). Hence, she often bad-mouths Miriam before Paul and pours out her anguish. Besides, she even tells him that she never has a real husband to profess her love bluntly. In order to defeat Miriam completely, she does not oppose strongly to the fact that Paul is dating with another girl who is a couple of years older than her, because this woman presents no threat to her.Paul becomes increasingly impatient and sullen, as he is caught in the middle between Miriam and Mrs. Morel. He is cruel to Miriam and quarrels with his mother. Both of them are hurt. However, Mrs. Morel blames these negative changes on Miriam. She hates Miriam because she believes that this vicious girl changes Paul into this and destroys their happiness.Miriam is a devote believer and has an unrealistic attitude about life, which is contradictory to Mrs. Morel again who is a practical woman. Just as on the matter of Paul's artistic development, Miriam focuses on his art itself, while Mrs. Morel pays attention to the achievement that the art brings. Gradually, Paul begins to depend solely on Miriam along with his enhanced artistic level and excludes her mother in this respect, which turns into Mrs. Morel's another reason to hate Miriam (张思武).Mrs. Morel is an arrogant woman for her family background. So she hopes that her son can marry a notable maiden who is well-matched with him to consolidate his social position in the middle class. Miriam has a humble origin which is disdained by Mrs. Morel. And at last, Paul indeed doesn't marry Miriam and breaks up with her for several reasons. But Mrs. Morel's strong dislike for Miriam and her pressure on Paul must be much harder to ignore as their separation factors.ConclusionBritain experienced an industrial revolution in the nineteenth century, and entered into the era of industrial civilization. In society at that time, people's natural living environment was damaged, while flesh and spirit were suppressed and damaged. So the relations between people, especially the gender relations lost balance. Sons and Lovers mainly depicts a series of tragedies caused by the disharmonious gender relations under the industrial civilization in nineteenth century (庞炜).Mr. Morel is a miner who is struggling for a minimal living. After a long time of hard work bay by day, he is reduced to a slavery of industrial society without dignity and happiness. He becomes rude, insolent and an alcoholic binge. However, he marries a lady who is well-bred from middle class. She is resentful about her husband's rudeness and the family condition. Then couple's conflicts and unhappy marriage distort the relations between family members.The imbalanced gender relations in the era of the industrial civilization were also represented by gender inequality. At that time, female is at the bottom of society. But they were called "angle in the house". Although they were in low position, they are priority in morality(陆伟芳). In the novel, Miriam is often humiliated by her brothers at home. So she thinks that all men are savages. She longs for a meaningful life, but there is no space to let satisfy her in reality. She only can hold unpractical imagines. Hence, she just wants to have a platonic love with Paul, and rigorously avoids everything about sex. Then conflicts come into being because Paul eventually can't bear Miriam's traditional concept of sex. He is a common people with sexuality awareness. And this is the major cause of their separation.The highly industrialized society urges more and more people to promote their economic and social status by all means. And Mrs. Morel is one of them. Her dissatisfactions about her husband's income and status make her put all hopes on her sons. William dies at a young age which is a fatal blow for her. So she devotes all her love to Paul. At last, she can't live without him for her excessive attachment. As for。
SonsandLovers英文读书报告读后感论文（500字以上）
SonsandLovers英文读书报告读后感论文（500字以上）第一篇：Sons and Lovers 英文读书报告读后感论文(500字以上) Sons and loversThis novel is written by wrence, a man suffered many sorrow and led a miserable life.He had many masterpieces in his life, but this one is the most famous.when he was a child, his mother gave him all her love and attention to him, and trying all her most to get the child away from the mining work(his father’s work), hoping a bright future of her child.Though Lawrence’s ill-parents quarreled frequently, he managed to get enough knowledge from his mother, once a qualified teacher.When he got older, he changed his work about three times, ending up in Croydon as a teacher.It was this time that he started his writing career part-time.Firstly some poems and later novels.After the death of his mother, he became ill and his masterpiece came out after falling in love with Frieda.As for the famous ‘sons and lovers’, I think it is the reflection of the author’s whole life.The main character of the novel, paul, is strongly affected by his mother, even when he meet his first love.Even his deep emotion to Miriam cannot make him betray his mothers’will.That is the evidence of his Oedipus complex, and maybe that can explain why he marries a married women, Clara, for this women lived with him for a long time, and he tests her loyalty until he is 50, which reflects his unrest and suspect emotions for everyone.On my point of view, I think the most unexpected plot is that Paul should have left Miriam, a women he once claimed to love.Every time when I read this part, I am really pity for Miriam, for she give all she has to Paul, but Paul still leaves her, without even a proper explain.And the mostdisappointed ending is that paul should have fallen in love with another woman in such a short time.On this issue, I cannot help but to think that paul has never loved Miriam.This is totally unfair to the lovely girl, who gave her heart as well as her body to the young man.From here, we can come to the conclusion that every girl should be careful of these goats, for they may only want to maintain their own physical needs.If we fall too deep into the relationship, we may become the tribute of men’s ignorance.Another impressing scene is the death of Ms.Morel.In fact, the most upset man is Morel, the woman’s husband, whose relationship has maintained for more than 30 years.As the novels puts it: when a man has been married to a woman for over 30 years, she is no longer a woman or a wife.She is half of her husband’s soul.It was the fact that half of him had just died, and he knew that the other half would soon follow.I am deeply touched by their true love, by their dependence to each other, by their superior understanding of the definition of husband and wife.If we want a stable relationship in the future, we must find a friend of our soul, not a cooperated relationship of physical needs.There are too much we can learn from the excellent novel, from the whole experience of the author.As a matter of fact, everyone’s experience is a long journey, as well as an adventure, and an never ending novel.版权所有，请勿原版抄袭；原稿错误多多，尽请指正。
儿子与情人-中英800字-读后感,作文,读书笔记
英文版“Love is a complex and powerful force that can both heal and destroy.” This statement truly reflects the essence of “Sons and Lovers.” The story of the Morel family unfolds like a poignant drama, filled with the intricacies of human relationships and the profound impact of love.The relationship between Paul and his mother, Gertrude, is a central and deeply complex aspect of the novel. Gertrude's initial love and hope for her husband, Walter, gradually turn to disappointment and bitterness. As a result, she pours all her affection and expectations into Paul. Their bond is intense and suffocating at times. For example, when Paul shows interest in other women, Gertrude's possessiveness and jealousy surface, causing great distress to Paul. He loves his mother deeply but also feels trapped by her overpowering love. This relationship not only shapes Paul's character but also has a profound impact on his romantic relationships.Paul's relationship with Miriam is a complex mix of spiritual connection and emotional struggle. They share a deep understanding and appreciation for nature and art, which brings them close on an intellectual and spiritual level. However, their relationship is fraught with difficulties. Miriam's intense and somewhat possessive love makes Paul feel pressured. He often recoils from her, as seen when he becomes irritated by her overly affectionate behavior towards him and her constant need for emotional connection. Their relationship is like a beautiful yet thorny flower, with moments of intense passion and long periods of struggle and misunderstanding.The introduction of Clara into Paul's life adds another layer of complexity. She represents a more worldly and sensual kind of love. Paul is initially drawn to her, attracted by her physicality and a certain air of mystery. But their relationship is also marred by insecurities and power struggles. Clara is a complex character, and her relationship with Paul is a tumultuous journey of discovery and disillusionment.The novel also vividly portrays the social and economic background of the time. The working-class life in the mining community is harsh and unforgiving. The miners, including Walter, face difficult working conditions and financial struggles. This setting not only provides the backdrop for the characters' lives but also influences their choices and relationships. The poverty and the social norms of the time add to the characters' sense of confinement and hopelessness.In conclusion, “Sons and Lovers” is a powerful exploration of love, family, and social class. It shows how these elements interact and shape the lives of the characters. The complex relationships and the vivid portrayal of the era make it a timeless classic that continues to resonate with readers today.中文版“爱是一种复杂而强大的力量，既能治愈也能摧毁。
Sons-and-Lovers-儿子与情人
Miriam Leiver: Miriam is a virginal, religious girl who lives on a farm near the Morels, and she is Paul's first love. However, their relationship takes ages to move beyond the Platonic and into the romantic. She loves Paul deeply, but he never wants to marry her and "belong" to her, in his words. Rather, he sees her more as a sacrificial, spiritual soul mate and less as a sensual, romantic lover. Mrs. Morel, who feels threatened by Miriam's intellectuality, always reinforces his disdain for Miriam.
Man/Woman Love
Sons and Lovers is also an investigation of love between men and women. Paul has a spiritual love with Miriam and a sexual one with Clara. Both relationships leave him unfulfilled because Paul needs a love that combines both spiritual and sexual elements in one woman. Sex, which the author viewed as a healthy expression of man's link to God and nature was alien to the Victorian belief that it was evil and beastly. The character of Miriam is a depiction of repressed sexuality common in the Victorian woman.
Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人
Sons and Lovers is a autobiographical novel by the English writer David Herbert Lawrence, which is published by the Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd in 1913.The story is set in a midland mining village of Best wood during the second half of the 19th country. It is notable for being the first English novel with a truly working class background.The marriage of Mr. Morel and Mrs. Morel is not a success because of the difference of background proves an insurmountable barrier to communication and mutual trust. Mrs. Morel transfers her affection to her eldest son, William. He moves to London and seems destined to achieve success, but dies tragically young from an illness brought on by stress and overwork, which drives Mrs. Morel crazy. After that, Mrs. Morel focuses all her love and moral energy on Paul, her second son. In his spare time, Paul is a promising designer and an artist. However, such professional and social emancipation is not matched by any corresponding psychological growth to maturity, for Paul feels bound by ties of love and loyalty to his mother in a way that inhibits full relationships with other women. The earlier part of the novel is that of Paul’s progressive succumbing to his mother’s power, the later part is that of Paul’s all but futile attempt to break free of the mother and find a fulfilling relationship with another woman-Miriam. Under the shadow of his mother, Paul couldn’t choose his own life. And only after Mr s. Morel died did he get rid of the constriant and leave his hometown and lover to be come a real grown-man.From the title, I think the author intends to explore two sets of relationships: one (sons) within the family and another (lovers) outside the family. It is a story of a family and not just Paul’s story.This is also a novel of growing. It is evident that the central character is Paul Morel. Following his growth and development from infancy to young manhood, we can feel that his emotional, intellectual, social and, above all, psychic development that the love portrays. Sons and Lovers is an unusual version of a common form of novel, namely, the education novel, or a “Bildungsroman”, where the focus is on the growth to maturity of a young person.In Sons and Lovers, through describing the life of people in lower and middle clas ses in British industrial society at 19th century and the complex, abnormal psycholog y between mother and son, and also between the two sexes, in a certain environmen t, Lawrence demonstrates that reason, which is the factor of inhibiting human’s natur e, should be abandoned to give full play to the nature. With reading the book, I can s trongly feel that in a society where the nature has been distorted and the harmoniou s relationship among human is always threatened, the fight between body and soul is supposed to be cruel and pitiless. Actually, in the end, no one would be the winner . What was worse, no one could be a real and complete person. How a terrible society it was!。
儿子与情人读后感英文500字
儿子与情人读后感英文500字英文回答："Sons and Lovers" by D.H. Lawrence is a complex and emotionally charged novel that explores the relationship between a mother and her sons. Lawrence's vivid prose and insightful characterization bring to life the struggles and passions of the Morel family in early 20th-century England.The novel revolves around Paul Morel, a young man torn between his love for his mother, Gertrude, and his desire for independence. Gertrude is a possessive and manipulative woman who smothers Paul with her affection, hindering his emotional and sexual development. As Paul grows older, he becomes increasingly frustrated by his mother's suffocating embrace and seeks refuge in relationships with other women.Lawrence does an exceptional job of portraying the complexities of Paul's character. Paul is sensitive, intelligent, and ambitious, but he is also weak-willed andindecisive. His inability to reconcile his love for his mother with his desire for freedom leads him into a cycle of self-destruction.In addition to its exploration of familial relationships, "Sons and Lovers" also delves into themes of social class and economic hardship. The Morel family is working-class, and they struggle to make ends meet. This economic pressure further exacerbates the tensions within the family, as Paul feels trapped by his circumstances and yearns for a better life.Lawrence's writing is rich in symbolism and imagery, which adds depth and resonance to the novel. The setting of the Midlands, with its industrial landscapes and bleak mining towns, reflects the emotional struggles of the characters. The recurring motif of birds and animals symbolizes Paul's longing for freedom and his entrapment within his family.Overall, "Sons and Lovers" is a powerful and moving novel that offers a profound exploration of humanrelationships, desire, and the struggle for independence. Lawrence's masterful storytelling and psychological insight make this a classic work of English literature that continues to resonate with readers today.中文回答：D.H.劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》是一部复杂而充满情感色彩的小说，探讨了母亲与儿子之间的关系。
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The Interpretation of the flowers in Sons and Lovers左AbstractSons and Lovers, written by DH Lawrence, is an earlier works that reflects both penetrating social problem and psychological problem. The theme of the novel is Paul Morel's relationship with his mother and her influence upon his development. This paper will talk about the symbol meanings of the flowers. In this novel, different flowers symbolize the three main different women, and reveal their human qualities, such as white lily symbolizes the pure mother's love; white roses and narcissi imply Miriam's pure spirit, whereas Miriam's intimacy to the flowers indicates that her tendency of possessing objects including Paul's soul; The crimson flowers refer to the passion of Clara. Here, the paper studies the relationship between flowers and main characters, showing that analyzing the meaning of the flowers is important to help us have a better understanding of the theme in the novel.Key words: flowers, relationship, characterIntroductionLawrence's novels are always full of vivid descriptions of natural environment to show that human beings need to live in a healthy and natural world. Also the natural objects such as trees, flowers, the moon and evenings imply symbolic meanings to make the novel significant. To understand the novel better, this paper tries to use a Semiotics approach to interpret the main symbols, so as to reveal the theme of the novel.In Classics of Semiotics edited by Martin Krampen, Semiotics is thus defined: As a science of sign processes, semiotics investigates all types of communication and information exchange among human beings, animals, plants, internal systems of organisms. Thus it encompasses most of the subject areas of the arts and the social science, as well as those of biology and medicine. According to this theory, there should be some certain connections between the different flower symbols and thethree different kinds of women characters.Chapter one: The Flowers Related to Mrs. Morel Everything Paul does is for his mother. As it is, the flowers he picked can prove us that his mother is his only intimate and his only confidant. We can see this unnatural love at any occasion in the novel:Then Paul fished out a little spray. He always brought her one spray, the best he could find. (63)"Here's a bit of new-mown hay," he said; then, again, he brought her forget-me-nots. And, again, his heart hurt with love, seeing her hand, used with work, holding the little bunch of flowers he gave her. She was perfectly happy." (114)When Paul takes his mother to Lincoln, She was bright and enthusiastic as ever, but as he sat opposite her in the railway carriage, she seemed to look frail. He had a momentary sensation as if she were sleeping away from him. Then he wanted to get hold of her, to fasten, almost to chain her. He felt he must keep hold of her with his hand. And later he bought her some blue violets. (222)We know that the mother's love to the son is abnormal, but they are not aware of it. And even this feeling grows unconsciously just like the scyllas flowers growing quietly when Mrs. Morel doesn't know:Under the fence, in a little bed, was a ravel of poor grassy leaves, such as come from very immature bulbs, and three scyllas in bloom. Mrs. Morel pointed to the deep blue flowers."Now, just see those!" she exclaimed. "I was looking at the currant bushes, when, thinks I to myself, `There's something very blue; is it a bit of sugar-bag?' and there, behold you! Sugar-bag! Three glories of the snow, and such beauties! But where on earth did they come from?" (152)The white flowers are often related to Mrs. More to express her spiritual features. Let us examine the passage with which the first chapter of Sons and Lovers ends-where Mrs. Morel, pregnant with Paul, wanders deliriously in the garden, shut out of the house by Morel in his drunkenness. In the garden, she stands cold andisolated from the world, with great anguish, feeling the mystery of the nature and sensing the child within her womb:Mrs. Morel leaned on the garden gate, looking out, and she lost herself awhile. She did not know what she thought. Except for a slight feeling of sickness, and her consciousness in the child, herself melted out like scent into the shiny, pale air. After a time the child too, melted with her in the mixing-pot of moonlight, and she rested with the hills and lilies and houses, all swum together in a kind of swoon. (22)After getting back in the house, the moment she notices that her face is smeared with the yellow dust of the lilies, she gets relieved, thinking the overpowering scent of the lilies and strange cold light of the moon. It is such a mystical moment that she finds peace in the sensation of her unborn child. This scene is the first indication of a special bond between the mother and the son.Although it is very ordinary, sunflower in the novel is a symbol, too. It symbolizes the shelter that Paul seeks for. Wherever Paul goes, whatever he meets, he always seeks consolation from his mother, and his mother thinks so. We can see it from the following scenes:There was a lovely yellow ravel of sunflowers in the garden. She looked out of the window. "There are my sunflowers!" she said. (352)She sat propped in her chair, smiling, and so pretty. The gold wedding，ring shone on her white hand; Her hair was carefully brushed. And she watched the tangled sunflowers dying, the chrysanthemums coming out, and the dahlias. Paul and she were afraid of each other. He knew, and she knew, that she was dying. (357)When Mrs. Morel is alive, the sunflower is flourishing, and when she is dying, the sunflowers are dying.CHAPTER 2 :The Flowers Related to Miriam Miriam loves flowers, but her love is unnatural. She "caress it with her mouth and cheeks and brow" (201). To her, "flowers appeared with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself" (160). The description of Miriam's love to the flowers indicates two aspects: 1. It is not appreciation of nature, but a sense ofpossession. 2. A sense of religion. For her, "she was cut off from ordinary life by her religious intensity which made the world for her either a nunnery garden or a paradise, where sin or else are ugly, cruel thing" (138). As a result, the love between Paul and her is doomed to be a failure. We can see this view from the following.Paul passed along a fine row of sweet-peas, gathering a blossom here and there, all cream and pale blue. Miriam followed, breathing the fragrance. To her, flowers appealed with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself. When she bent and breathed a flower, it was, as if she and the flowers were loving each other. Paul hated her for it. There seemed a sort of exposure about the action, something too intimate. (160-1)Miriam loves the flowers in a very intimate way; she always embraces and breathes the flowers, as if they loved each other. It seems that she wants to possess them. Just as Paul said that she wants to “suck them”, it also shows Miriam's unusual love to things including Paul. The narration of Miriam always connects with white roses and Christian figures to show her pure spirit and religious emotions. However, all these behaviors make Paul feel annoyed, believing that she wanted the soul out of his body, and not him. “She wanted to draw all of him into her.” (179)Lawrence uses flowers to objectify the considerably milder sexual attraction of Miriam. In chapter VII:The place was decorated for Easter. In the front hundreds of white narcissi seemed to be growing. The air was dim and thrilled with a subtle scent of lilies and narcissi. In that atmosphere Miriam's soul came into a glow…Miriam turned to him. Her soul expanded into prayer beside him. He felt the strange fascination of shadowy religious places. All his latent mysticism quivered into life. She was drawn to him. He was a prayer along with her. (155)Lilies and narcissi in the scene indicate both Miriam’s virgin and her pure soul. And sex-consciousness always fills her with shame. But Paul is so attractive to her, so she would rather sacrifice herself to get the soul of him.In the book, I believe Miriam may be the most miserable figure. While she has no idea what the religion has influenced her, she fails to get Paul, no matter how hard shetries.Chapter three: The Flowers Related to ClaraClara is a woman different from Mrs. Morel and Miriam. If we say the latter are spiritual, the former is passionate.In the novel, being the symbol of passion, she is always connected with crimson. This is the first time that Paul meets Clara in formal occasion. The crimson nasturtiums that come out from the cool green shadow of their leaves predict the coming of Clara. What is more, it also gives hints that Paul will seek a sort of fire in passion. Here is the scene in which Paul picks flowers with Miriam and Clara:She was kneeling, bending forward still to smell the flowers. Her neck gave him a sharp pang, such a beautiful thing, yet not proud of itself just now. Her breasts swung slightly in her blouse. The arching curve of her back was beautiful and strong; she wore no stays. Suddenly, without knowing, he was scattering a handful of cowslips over her hair and neck, saying: "Ashes to ashes, and dust to dust, If the Lord won't have you the devil must." The chill flowers fell on her neck. She looked up at him, with almost pitiful, scared grey eyes, wondering what he was doing. Flowers fell on her face, and she shut her eyes. (220)The flowers in the novel stand for the Clara’s charm without doubt. And Paul is drawn into it completely.When Paul and Clara went out, "He bought her a bunch of scarlet, brick-red carnations. She put them in her coat, flushing. (284)When she arose, he, looking on the ground all the time, saw suddenly sprinkled on the black wet beech-roots many scarlet carnation petals, like splashed drops of blood; and red, small splashes fell from her bosom, streaming down her dress to her feet. (289)Paul and Clara are enjoying the joys. Clara gets aware that she is a woman again, feeling proud and content, and she begins to ask for more. She not only demands the combination of the fleshy body, but also eager to the communication of spirit. When Paul gives her a bunch of crimson carnation, thinking the color is fit her most, and tallies with her fervent personality, Clara says: "I'd rather have had something softer"(284). It indicates that she longs for spiritual communication besides passion. Although Paul hopes the harmony of reason and emotion, he ignores Clara's demand, thinking she is too shallow to hold him, and to understand him like Miriam.In all, Clara's indiscretion makes their first intimacy easy for Paul, despite the hazards. However, they only are able to have sexual connection rather than spiritual words. An old lady in the novel once presents Clara with "three tiny dahlias in full blow, neat as bees, and speckled scarlet and white" (291). And it is clear that their getting together is made "because we were jolly."ConclusionAs a writer, Lawrence has a great influence on Modern English literature, for he saw the empty soul of the flourishing society. The sons and loves is one of the great novels, and it is rich of all kinds of flowers between the lines, which, to some extent, is important for readers to understand the characters and the themes. After all, the symbolic interpretation of the main objects described many times in the novel has great benefits, and we should learn the flowers seriously in the future research of the sons and lovers.Works citedNeil Champion. D. H. Lawrence: Life & Works. Hove: Wayland Publications, 1989. Nigel Messenger, How to Study a D. H. Lawrence Novel.New York: Macmillan Publications, 1989.Martin Krampen and Klaus Oehler. Classics of Semiotics. New York: Plenum Publications, 1987.Terry Eagleton. Literary Theory: An introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwe11, 1983. Gamini Salgado. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1969. Dennis Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. “Critical Essays on D. wrence”G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988.D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers(Beijing: China International Business and Economics Press, 2000)Robert Scholes. Semiotics and Interpretation. Haven: Yale University Press, 1982 Chen Zhi'an and Liu Jiarong. New Horizons in Language and Semiotics in China (Sichuan: Chengdu, 1999).Denny Jackson and Fleda Brown Jacson. Critical Essays on D. H. Lawrence (G.K.H: Massachusetts, 1988).。