某电子设备的阻尼减振技术及试验研究

硕士学位论文

（工程硕士）

某电子设备的阻尼减振技术及试验研究

RESEARCH ON THE ENGINEERING AND EXPERIMENT OF VIBRATION DAMPING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONIC

INSTALLATION

哈尔滨工业大学

2013年9月

国内图书分类号: V414.19 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号:621 密级：公开

工程硕士学位论文

某电子设备的阻尼减振技术及试验研究

硕士研究生：

导师：

申请学位：工程硕士

学科：机械工程

所在单位：北京动力机械研究所

答辩日期：2013年9月

授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学

Classified Index: V414.19

U.D.C: 621

Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering

RESEARCH ON THE ENGINEERING AND

EXPERIMENT OF VIBRATION DAMPING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONIC

INSTALLATION

Candidate：MaShuangHui

Supervisor：Prof. Huang Bo

Academic Degree Applied for：Master of Engineering Speciality：Mechatronics Engineering Affiliation：Beijing Power Machinery Institute Date of Defence：September, 2013

Degree-Conferring-Institution：Harbin Institute of Technology

摘要

振动，是物体在静平衡位置附近所做的微小往复弹性运动。物体自身属性以及外部环境都有可能成为产生振动的原因。振动会导致结构破坏、仪器失效。在电子产品中，振动会导致仪器设备内部结构的动态位移，加剧结构疲劳，引起结构、组件和零件的机械磨损。另外，动态位移还能导致元器件的碰撞和功能的损坏。在应对各种振动问题时，需根据具体情况，确定减振方法、减振材料，进而对减振系统进行计算、分析以及试验验证。

阻尼减振技术作为最有效控制结构共振的手段，正得到越来越广泛的应用。由于它在航天电子设备减振设计中应用的必然趋势，使得对它的研究、试验和应用愈来愈受到人们的重视。作为观察振动过程的仿真手段之一的有限元法，是利用计算机，对流体、声场、结构和耦合场等进行数值模拟分析的一种方法，它能够真实模拟出各种复杂的线性、非线性问题，其结果也逐渐成为各行各业进行设计和分析的可靠依据。试验是检验设计及仿真结果的唯一途径。在设计过程中，往往需要通过试验来检验计算方法或对模型进行改进。而有时，某些参数则必须通过测试才能获得。因此，新产品需要用试验来检验其机械性能的可靠性。

本文以某一飞行器用电子设备为模型，结合国内外阻尼减振技术的研制及试验工作，对该模型进行分析、仿真和试验。论文的主要工作包括：

1）对电子设备进行振动理论分析，针对电子设备特点提出了三种减振方案，并对三种方案分别进行优缺点分析，根据三种减振方案的特点及电子产品的力学环境特点最终确定了一种减振系统设计方案及减振器材料；

2）通过有限元软件对产品模型减振前后、以及减振器在三种不同压缩状态下模型的整体变形结果、变形矢量图结果和应力分布情况进行动态仿真，模拟模型受力情况；

3）对减振器在三种不同压缩状态下的电子设备进行扫频试验和功能振动试验，在验证有限元分析结果正确性的同时，确定减振器的最终选择方案。

关键词：减振系统；减振器；硅橡胶；有限元法；振动试验

Abstract

Vibration is elastic and double acting micro-oscillation around static equilibrium place of a body. The cause of vibration is external disturbance or auto interference. Vibration could break the structure and make equipment out of work. In electronic equipment, vibration causes dynamic displacement of the structure within the equipment, and intensifies structure fatigue speeding up wearing machine. In addition, dynamic displacement could cause the knock and the functionality defect of the element. We will define the method and material to suppress vibration, and then compute, analyze and experiment the system of vibration suppression to reply all kinds of vibration.

Vibration damping technology is the best method to suppress the sympathetic vibration, and is used extensively in many places. It has become a trend to suppress vibration for electronic equipment in aerospace. And the research, experiment and use of damping technology has attracted much attention. As the simulation of viewing the vibration, the fem is a method of numerical simulation by computer for fluid, structure, acoustic and coupled fields. It could simulate the problem of linear or non-linearity, and provide reliable basis for the design and analysis in all walks of life. Experiment is the only way to check the design and fem. Experiment can check the algorithm and improve it in design process. Sometimes, some parameters can only be obtained by experiment. So, the reliability of mechanical property must be checked by experiment.

This paper analyses, simulates and experiments a model of electronic equipment for an air vehicle, with the research and experiment of damping technology both abroad and home. Major contents of this paper include:

1) Analyze the vibration theory and present three designs of vibration damping system for electronic equipment. The merits and faults of these designs are analyzed, and then the best design and material are decided based on mechanical environment;

2) Take the total deformation, the vector deformation and the equivalent stress for damper of three precompression by the finite element software to simulate the force of the model;

3) Take the sweep test and the vibrating functional test for the electronic equipment with three precompression of damper. The feasibility of the design is testified by experiment to decide on the best damper for the design.

Keywords: damping system, damper, silicone elastomer, finite element, vibration test