无线传感器网络的设计与仿真毕业论文

摘要

无线传感器网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术，具有许多传统网络无法比拟的优点，可广泛应用于军事、医疗、灾难救助等环境中，已经成为现代通信技术中的一个热点研究领域。由于无线传感器网络中的节点普遍能量受限，因而设计能量有效的无线传感器网络路由协议受到了学术界和工业界的高度重视。

本文在上述背景下概述了影响无线传感器网络路由协议设计的因素，指出了传感器网络路由协议的评价标准，介绍了几种主流的传感器网络路由协议，并选择典型的低能量自适应聚类层次结构(LEACH)协议进行了深入分析，着重描述了实现LEACH协议的关键算法，分析了该协议存在的优势与不足，并给出了一些修改的建议。

在上述工作的基础上，本文利用网络仿真软件NS-2对其进行建模，重点实现了LEACH协议、CSMA协议、网关处理的有限状态机模型(FSM)，并结合节点模型和网络模型，在omnet的虚拟无线环境下建立了LEACH协议的仿真平台。

最后利用上述平台建立了两个包含不同数量节点的无线传感器网络，仿真了LEACH协议的实际运行情况，并根据相关定义统计了网络的生命周期，节点能耗等参数，最终得出了LEACH协议能够高效利用能量的结论。本文建立LEACH协议仿真平台的相关工作，为针对该协议的后续改进研究作了铺垫，具有一定的应用价值。

关键词无线传感器网络；路由协议；LEACH；NS-2网络仿真

Abstract

Motivated by the advancement in sensor, embedded computing, networking and wireless communication technologies, wireless sensor network (WSN) is now regarded as a promising technology for pervasive information acquiring and processing. Since WSN could be deployed in diverse applications, such as military affairs, medical care, emergencies, and so on, it becomes a boosting research topic in modern wireless networking technology. Due to the limited power supply characteristics of individual sensor node, it is extensively desirable to find out ways to maximize the life time of WSN. Consequently, energy-efficient routing protocol has become a hotspot in both academic research and industrial practices.

This thesis firstly summarizes the factors which dominate the energy-consumption characteristics of routing protocol for WSN. Some criteria are then presented to evaluate the performance of a given routing protocol. Secondly, after introducing several mainstream routing protocols, the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) will be addressed to elucidate its advantages and disadvantages. Some proposals are also discussed to improve the LEACH routing protocol.

In addition, by employing the network simulation tool—NS-2, this thesis lays emphasis on modeling the Finite State Machine of LEACH protocol, CSMA protocol. After that, based on the node and network model, LEACH protocol’s simulation platform will be presented using omnet’s virtual wireless environment.

Finally, by setting up two WSN application scenarios with different number of sensor nodes, the life-time of WSN and the node’s energy consumption of the WSN are collected and analyzed. It is validated that the LEACH protocol is energy-efficient, which is suitable for the requirement by practical WSN implementations. Moreover, the completed simulation platform offer a good beginning for the future studies on LEACH protocol and its improved variations.

Key words Wireless Sensor Network; Routing Protocol; LEACH; Network Simulation Using NS-2