高考英语一轮复习必修一 Unit4 Grammar 定语从句

❖ As we know, our band was formed in an unusual way.
❖The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped recently.
as 引导限制性定语从句，常用在 the same …as, such…as等结构中
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
❖ The teacher seldom gives such a difficult question as students can’t work out.
❖ The teacher seldom gives such a difficult question that students can’t work out.
从句作定语
定语从句
The girl helped me. The girl was brave.
先行词 关系代词 The girl who helped me was brave.
定语从句 主句
He is a student. He works hard. 先行词 关系代词
He is a student who works hard.
(1) Shanghai is no longer the city _th_a_t_ it used to be.
(2) He isn't the boy that he was.
⑥ 当先行词在从句中作表语时
只能用that的情况 ① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
②先行词为all, everything, nothing,
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
⑤ 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
5. This is the best novel _t_h_a_t___ I have read. 当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系 代词只能用that.
6.Who is the girl _t_h_a_t___is standing under the tree?
7. Which is the machine t_h_a_t_ we used last Sunday.
anyone whose family was poor. 定语
Exercise 2 :用关系代词填空
1. The boy __w__h_o_/__th_a_t__ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2. The e-mail _w_h_i_c_h_/ _th__a_t _ I received yesterday was from my sister.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句
He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.
Exercise 2.
1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _t_h_a_t__ they couldn’t remember.
先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, none 等。
Those who want to watch the boxing match should buy tickets.
先行词为those或被those修饰，指人 时。
There is a young lady who askes for you. 有一位年轻的女士找你。
anything, little, much等不定代词以及被这 些词修饰时。
③ 先行词被the only, the very, the last修
饰时。 ④ 当先行词同时指人和物时
⑤ 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
⑥ 当先行词在从句中作表语时
只能用which的情况
1. 介词提到关系词前
The city in which she lives is far away. The city which/that she lives in is far away.
(2) They’re talking about the film (that) I’ve seen.
2,that指人或物,在从句中做主 语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略
1. Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
2.The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
关系副词：where﹑when﹑why
关系词的3个作用： 1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分
(1) China is a country which has a long history.
(2) I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
whose 人 / 物
定语 (whose + n.)
as
人/物
主语、宾语
Exercise 1
指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr.
Wang.
主语
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. 宾语
3. His parents wouldn’t let him marry
(1) The girl whose father had given us a report got first.
(2) That is the machine whose parts are too small.
3,whose 指人或物，表所属 关系，在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
主句
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词 的从句叫定语从句，定语从句 相当形容词的作用,在句中作 定语。被修饰的词叫做先行词， 连接先行词和从句的叫关系词.
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词 定语从句 引导词
引 关系代词: 导 which, that, who, whom, whose, as 词
找规律：这两个句子有何共同点？
1. He is a Chinese scientist who made the first seismograph(地震仪).
2. The TV program which is about travelling has been very popular recently.
He is a Chinese scientist who made the first seismograph(地震仪).
['saɪzmə(ʊ)grɑːf]
这档关于旅行的节目最近很流行。
The TV program which is about travelling has been very popular recently.
I like the rooms _w_h_o_s_e_windows face south.
(1) The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
(2) The woman (who) you saw is our Chinese teacher.
4.Who指人,在从句中做主语或 宾语（口语),做宾语时可省略
The man (whom) you met just now is my father.
5.Whom 指人，在句子中做宾 语，不能做主语，常可省略。
6. as 作为关系代词
引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，句中 ，句末，其先行词往往是整个句子。译为 “正如….一样”
2. Say all __t_h_a_t___ you know.
3. Is there anything _t_h_a_t __ I can do for you?
当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用 that.
4.This is the first play __th__a_t ___ I have seen since I came here.
(1) This is the same pen as I lost. (2) This is the same pen that I lost.
关系代词的用法
关系词
先行词所指 关系词在从句中作用
that 人 / 物
主语、宾语
which 物
主语、宾语
关系 who 人
主语、宾语
代词 whom 人
宾语
②先行词为all, everything, nothing,
anything, little, much等不定代词以及被这 些词修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
③ 先行词被the only, the very, the last修
饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him. ④ 当先行词同时指人和物时
1. which 指物，在句中作主语或 宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
1.The apple which is red is mine.
2.The apple (which) I bought yesterday is red.
(1) The woman that spoke to me on the street is a teacher.
3. I hate people __w__h_o_/_t_h_a_t____ talk much but do little.
4. The car __w_h__ic_h__/ _th_a_t__ my father bought last month isthat的情况
Unit 4 定语从句（I）
1. He is an honest boy. (形容词） 2. He rushed into the burning house.现在分词 3. The developed countries are rich. 过去分词 4. What’s your telephone number?（名词） 5. The girl in red is my sister. （介词短语）
在there be 句型中，先行词为人时。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是学习非常努力 的组长。
④ 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，且 先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的 关系代词是that, 另一个一般应用who.
当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而 中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
只能用who 不用that的情况
The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.
你应该学习的是那个学习努力且成绩优 异的学生。