英美文学名词解释1

英美文学名词解释1

1. Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.

寓言：用诗歌或散文讲的故事，在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。所有的寓言都是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义的故事。

2. Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.

头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。

3. Allusion: A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion.

典故：文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品。典故或来自历史、地理、文学或宗教。

9. Analogy: (a figure of speech) A comparison made between tow things to show the similarities between them. Analogies are often used for illustration or for argument. 类比：（修辞）把两种事物放在一起进行对比从而发现他们的相同点，类比一般用于说明或论述。

10. Anapest: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.

抑抑扬格：抑抑扬格由两个非重度音节和一个重读音节组成，两个非重度音节在前。

12. Antithesis: (a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is,

a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.

对偶：（修辞）相互对称的两个短语、句子或思想。对偶往往用一个对称的句子来表达，也就是，一句话中使用相同或相似的语法结构来表达相互对照的两种事物。

13. Aphorism: A concise, pointed statement expressing a wise or clever observation about life.

警句：用一种简练、准确的方式来表达对生活充满智慧的观点。

15. Argument: A form of discourse in which reason is used to influence or change people’s idea or actions. Writers practice argument most often when writing nonfiction, particularly essays or speeches.

议论：用讲道理的方法来影响人们的思想或行动的一种文本形式。作家往往是在写非小说文体，尤其是散文或演讲的时候用这种方法。

16. Aside: In drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or directly to the audience. An aside is meant to be unheard by the other characters onstage.

旁白：在戏剧中低声说出或直接说给观众的台词。旁白在舞台上其他人物是听不到的。

20. Ballad: A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many countries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have no known authors. They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language. A later form of ballad is the literary ballad, which imitates the style of the folk ballad.