北京市交通拥堵问题研究

摘要

随着北京经济的快速发展，机动车保有量的持续增加，再加上北京特殊的政治地位，北京交通的供需矛盾越来越突出，交通拥堵越发严重。

本文运用了供求关系理论、“经济人”假设理论、公共产品理论，通过文献分析法、系统分析法、案例分析法，首先对研究的背景和意义进行了概括，综述了国内外研究情况，对目前国内外城市交通拥堵情况进行了深入学习和了解，其次介绍了交通拥堵相关的概念界定和理论基础，为后续的研究打下了坚实的基础，再通过全面系统的的分析北京的交通现状，介绍了北京市交通存在的主要问题，根据北京的具体情况，分析了北京市交通拥堵的主要原因，最后介绍了法国巴黎、日本东进、新加坡等城市成功缓解城市交通拥堵的经验，再结合北京的实际情况，提出了缓解北京市交通拥堵的合理化建议。

关键词：北京市；城市交通；拥堵拥堵；拥堵治理

Abstract

With the rapid development of Beijing’s economy and the continued increase in the number of motor vehicles, coupled with Beijing’s special political status, the contradiction between supply and demand in Beijing has become increasingly

prominent and traffic congestion has become more serious.

This article uses the theory of supply and demand, "economic man" hypothesis theory, and public goods theory. Through literature analysis, system analysis, and case analysis methods, the background and significance of the research are first summarized, and domestic and foreign research is summarized. At present, the urban traffic jams at home and abroad have been thoroughly studied and understood. Secondly, the concepts and theoretical foundations related to traffic congestion have been introduced. This has laid a solid foundation for follow-up research, and then through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of traffic conditions in Beijing. The main problems existing in Beijing's transportation, according to the specific circumstances of Beijing, analyzed the main reasons for traffic congestion in Beijing, and finally introduced the experience of cities such as Paris, Japan, Dongjin, Singapore, etc., in successfully relieving urban traffic congestion, combined with Beijing’s The actual situation proposed a rationalization proposal to ease traffic congestion in Beijing.

Keywords: Beijing; Urban Transport; Congestion; Congestion Control;

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章绪论 1

1.1选题的背景和研究的意义 1

1.1.1选题的背景 1

1.1.2研究的意义 2

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1国内研究现状 2

1.2.2国外研究现状 3

1.3研究内容与方法 4

1.3.1研究内容 4

1.3.2研究方法 4

第2章城市交通的理论分析 5

2.1相关概念界定 5

2.1.1 城市交通 5

2.1.2城市交通拥堵 5

2.2理论基础 6

2.2.1供求关系理论 6

2.2.2“经济人”假设理论 6

2.2.3公共产品理论 6

2.3本章小结 7

第3章北京市交通拥堵的现状及问题 8 3.1北京市交通的现状 8

3.2存在的主要问题 8

3.2.1人们合理的交通出行不能得到满足 8 3.2.2停车难 10

3.2.3交通事故多发 10

3.2.4交通拥堵秩序混乱 11

3.3本章小结 11

第4章北京市交通拥堵存在问题的原因 12 4.1交通供需矛盾突出 12

4.1.1需求 12

4.2.2供给 13

4.2.3供需矛盾分析 13

4.2交通管理水平落后 14

4.3人们交通安全意识低 14

4.4北京特殊的政治地位 14

4.5本章小结 15

第5章治理北京市交通拥堵问题的对策 16 5.1国外治理交通拥堵的成功经验 16

5.1.1法国巴黎 16

5.1.2日本东京 16

5.1.3新加坡 17

5.2治理北京市交通拥堵的建议 18

5.2.1正确引导公众出行需求 18