太阳能热水器自动控制系统(硬件)

摘要

随着人们生活水平的提高，各种热水器的使用已相当普及。与之相配套的控制仪也相继问世。然而，目前市场上的各种热水器控制电路还与理想要求相差甚远。消费者需要真正的“自动”控制，以实现使用的最简单化。就像家用电视机、电冰箱一样，接通电源、设定完毕就不用再操心了。

本次毕业设计运用AT89C51单片机设计了一种自动控制电路，该电路用于太阳热水器，能实现在用水时，若日晒水温达不到设定值，则电加热自动补温。从而实现了热水器的自动及节能。本文详细介绍了基于单片机的太阳能热水器自动控制系统组成、硬件设计。实现了温度和水位参数的实时显示，而且具有温度设定、水位设定与控制功能，停电后再来电时也不用重新设定，具有故障报警和故障自处理功能，良好的稳定性和抗干扰性能。

本文详细介绍了该控制系统的硬件设计过程。

关键词：单片机；自动控制；太阳能热水器

Abstract

Along with the people living standard enhancement, each kind of water heater use quite popularized.One after another is also published with it necessary control meter.However, in the market each kind of water heater control circuit also with ideally requests to be far from at present.The consumer needs truely

“automatic” the control, realizes the use to simplify.On the home use television, the electric refrigerator were likely same, put through the power source, the hypothesis finished do not need to worry again.

This graduation project has designed one kind of automatic circuit using

at89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, this electric circuit used in the solar water heater, could realize when the water used, if the date exposed to the sun the water temperature not to be able to achieve the setting value, then the electric heating made up automatically heats.Thus has realized the water heater automatic and the energy conservation.This article introduced in detail based on the monolithic integrated circuit solar-powered water heater automatic control system composition, the hardware design.Has realized the temperature and the water level parameter real time display, when has the temperature hypothesis, the water level hypothesis and the control function, after the power cut comes the electricity again does not need to establish, has the breakdown to report to the police with the breakdown from the processing function, good stability and resistance to interference.

This article in detail introduced this control system hardware design process.

Key words:Monolithic integrated circuit; Automatic control; Solar-powered water heater

目录

1引言 (5)

2控制系统原理 (5)

2.2 主要功能 (5)

2.2 系统原理图 (6)

2.3 操作面板 (7)

3控制器硬件设计 (7)

3.1 芯片的选择与简介 (7)

3.1.1 MSC-51芯片简介 (7)

3.1.2 74LS164芯片简介 (11)

3.1.3 X5045芯片简介 (11)

3.1.4 DS18B20芯片简介 (13)

3.1.5 ULN2003芯片简介 (13)

3.1.6 其他器件 (13)

3.2温度检测电路设计 (13)

3.3水位检测电路设计 (16)

3.4输出控制电路设计 (17)

3.5显示电路设计 (18)

3.6按键电路设计 (18)

3.7报警电路设计 (19)

3.8看门狗电路设计 (19)

3.8.1 看门狗电路工作原理 (19)

3.8.2 X5045的EEPROM地址分配 (22)

4电路制作 (22)

4.1 电路实现的基本步骤 (22)

4.2 原理图的设计 (23)

4.3 板图的生成 (24)